Morphometric Characteristics of Catfish Silurus triostegus (Heckel, 1843) from the Tigris and Shatt Al-Arab Rivers, Iraq

Abdoli, A. (2000): The Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature and Wildlife, Tehran. 378 pp. In Farsi.Search in Google Scholar

Alaamer, H. A. (2015): Characteristics of sub-bottom profile acquired in Shatt al-Arab River, Basrah-Iraq. International Journal of Marine Science, 5, 1-6.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Noor, T. A., Arslan, L. K., Abd Ali, L. J. (2013): Studying the effects of Industrial Wastes on Tigris water in Al-Great City-Baghdad-Iraq. Advances in Physics Theories and Applications, 25, 48-57Search in Google Scholar

Al-Sanjari, M. N., Al-Tamimi, M. A. (2009): Interpretation of Water Quality parameters for Tigris River within Mosul City by Using Principal Components Analysis. Tikrit Journal of Pure Science, 14, 1-6Search in Google Scholar

Arula, T., Kotta, J, Lankov, A., Simm, M., Polme, S. (2012): Diet composition and feeding activity of larval spring-spawning herring: importance of environmental variability. Journal of Sea Research, 68, 33–40.10.1016/j.seares.2011.12.003Search in Google Scholar

Atkinson, D. (1994): Temperature and organism size: a biological law for ectotherms? Advances in Ecological Research, 25, 1–58.10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60212-3Search in Google Scholar

Cavalcanti, M. J., Monteiro, L. R., Lopes, P.R.D. (1999): Landmark-based morphometric analysis in selected species of serranid fishes (Perciformes: Teleostei). Zoological Studies, 38, 287-294.Search in Google Scholar

Clayton, J.W. (1981): The stock concept and the uncoupling of organismal and molecular evolution. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38, 1515 – 1522.10.1139/f81-204Search in Google Scholar

Claireaux, G., Lagardere, J. P. (1999): Influence of temperature, oxygen and salinity on the metabolism of the European sea bass. Journal of Sea Research, 42, 157–168.10.1016/S1385-1101(99)00019-2Search in Google Scholar

Coad, B.W. (2010): Freshwater fishes of Iraq. Pensoft Series Faunistica No. 93, 274 pp. Pensoft Publishers, Moscow.Search in Google Scholar

Costa, J. L., Al-meida, P. R., Costa, M. J. (2003): Amorphometric and meristic investigation of Lusitanian toadfish Halobatrachus didactylus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801): evidence of population fragmentation on Portugese coast. Scientia Marina, 67, 219 – 231.10.3989/scimar.2003.67n2219Search in Google Scholar

Country data.com (2015): Iraq - Major Geographical Features. country-data.com. (Cited 12 December 2015).Search in Google Scholar

Dars, B. A., Narejo, N. T., Awan, K. P. (2012): Morphometric, meristic characters and their relationship in Channa punctatus (Bloch) from River Indus, Sindh, Pak. Sindh University Research Journal (Sci: Ser), 44, 91-96.Search in Google Scholar

Dean, C. A., Rholf, F.J., Dennis, E.S. (2004): Geometric morphometrics: ten years of progress following the revolution. Italian Journal of Zoology, 71, 5-16.10.1080/11250000409356545Search in Google Scholar

Diaz de Astarloa, J.M., Bezzi, S., González-Castro, M., Mabraganã, E., Hernández, D., Delpiani, S.M. (2011): Morphological, morphometric, meristic and osteological evidence for two species of hake (Actinopterygii: Gadiformes: Merluccius) in Argentinean waters. Journal of Fish Biology, 78, 1336-1358.10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02937.x21539546Search in Google Scholar

Eagderi, S., Poorbagher, H., Parsazade, F., Mousavi-Sabet, H. (2015): Effects of rearing temperature on the body shape of swordtail (Xiphophorus hellerii) during the early development using geometric morphometrics. Poeciliid Research, 5, 24-30.Search in Google Scholar

Elbal, M. T., García Hernández, M.P., Lozano, M.T., Agulleiro, B. (2004): Development of the digestive tract of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Light and electron microscopic studies. Aquaculture, 234, 215−238Search in Google Scholar

Emmrich, M., Pédron, S., Brucet, S., Winfield, I.J., Jeppesen, E., Volta, P., Argillier, C., Lauridsen, T. L., Holmgren, K., Hesthagen, T., Mehner, T. (2014): Geographical patterns in the body-size structure of European Lake fish assemblages along abiotic and biotic gradients. Journal of Biogeography, 41, 2221–223310.1111/jbi.12366Search in Google Scholar

Esmaeili, H.R., Coad, B.W., Gholamifard, A., Nazari, N., Teimori, A. (2010): Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Iran. Zoosystematica Rossica, 19, 361–386.10.31610/zsr/2010.19.2.361Search in Google Scholar

Esmaeili, H.R., Nazari, N., Saifi, M., Gholamhosseini, A. (2011): Morphometric and meristic comparisons of populations of Qanat tailor fish, Alburnoides qanati Coad & Bogutskaya, 2009 (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) in Khor River basin, Ira. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics, 7, 1-11.Search in Google Scholar

Georgakopoulou, E., Sfakianakis, D. G., Kouttouki, S., Divanach, P., Kentouri, M., Koumoundouros, G. (2007): The influence of temperature during early life on phenotypic expression at later ontogenetic stages in sea bass. Journal of Fish Biology, 70, 278-291.10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01305.xSearch in Google Scholar

Gisbert, E., Merino, G., Muguet, J. B., Bush, D., Piedrahita, R. H., Conklin, D. E. (2002): Morphological development and allometric growth patterns in hatchery-reared California halibut larvae. Journal of Fish Biology, 61, 1217−1229.10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb02466.xSearch in Google Scholar

Gozlan, R., Copp, G.H., Tourenq, J.N. (1999): Comparison of growth plasticity in the laboratory and field, and implications for the onset of juvenile development in sofie, Chondrostoma toxostoma. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 56, 153−165.10.1023/A:1007577321999Search in Google Scholar

Haddon, M., Willis, .J. (1995): Morphometric and meristic comparison of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus, Trchichthyidae) from the Puysegn Bank and Lord Howe Rise, New Zealand implication for stock structure. Marine Biology, 123, 19 – 27.10.1007/BF00350319Search in Google Scholar

Hashemi, S. A., Eskandary, G. H., Sedaghat, S. (2012): Length-weight relationships of Silurus triostegus (Heckel, 1843) from Shadegan Wetland in Khuzestan Province (Iran). American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 12, 1335-1338.Search in Google Scholar

Higgs, D. M., Fuiman, L. A. (1996): Light intensity and schooling behaviour in larval gulf menhaden. Journal of Fish Biology, 48, 979-991.10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01491.xSearch in Google Scholar

Hora, S. L., Misra, K.S. (1943): On a small collection of fish from Iraq. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Science, 9, 1-15.Search in Google Scholar

Hussain, N. A., Ali, T. S. (2006): Trophic nature and feeding relationships among Al Hammer marsh fishes, southern Iraq. Marsh Bulletin, 1, 9-18Search in Google Scholar

Hussain, N. A., Saoud, H.A., Al-Shami, E.J. (2008): Species composition and ecological indices of fishes in the restored marshes of southern Mesopotamia. Marsh Bulletin, 3, 17-31Search in Google Scholar

Hussein, S. D., Al-Daham, N. K., Al-Kanaani, S. M. (2000a): Monthly variation in feeding activities and feeding intensities of three sympatric native cyprinids and introduced common carp in Al-Hammar Lake, South of Iraq. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 13, 39-48.Search in Google Scholar

Hussein, S. D., Al-Daham, N. K., Al-Kanaani, S. M. (2000b): Dietary overlap between the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and three native cyprinids in Al-Hammar Lake, Southern Iraq. Journal of Basrah Researches, 25, 73-83.Search in Google Scholar

Isaev, V. A., Mikhailova, M. V. (2009): The hydrology, evolution, and hydrological regime of the mouth area of the Shatt al-Arab River. Water Resources, 36, 380–395.10.1134/S0097807809040022Search in Google Scholar

Kovac, V., Copp, G.H. (1999): Morphometry of the stone loach Barbatula barbatula (L.). Do metric characters reflect the species’ life history threshold? Environmental Biology of Fishes, 56, 105 – 115.Search in Google Scholar

Kemp, P., Bertness, M. D. (1984): Snail shape and growth rates: evidence for plastic shell allometry in Littorina littorea. Evolution, 81, 811–813.Search in Google Scholar

Kumar, S. P., Narvekar, J., Nuncio, M., Kumar, A., Ramaiah, N., Sardesai, S., Gauns, M., Fernanades, V., Paul, J. (2010): Is the biological productivity in the Bay of Bengal light limited? Current Science, 98, 1331-1339.Search in Google Scholar

Lashari, P. K., Narejo, N. T., Mastoi, A. M., Mahar, M. A. (2004): Some morphometric characters and their relationship in carp, Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton) from fishpond district Jacobabad, Sindh. Proceeding of Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 24, 179-184.Search in Google Scholar

Liao, J. C. (2007): A review of fish swimming mechanics and behaviour in altered flows. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 362, 1973-1993.10.1098/rstb.2007.2082Search in Google Scholar

Lindsey, C. C. (1988): Factors controlling meristic variation. In: Fish Physiology, Vol. 11, Part B (Hoar, W. S., Randall, D. J., eds.), pp. 197–274. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.10.1016/S1546-5098(08)60215-0Search in Google Scholar

Pelletier, D., Dutil, J. D., Blier, P., Guderley, H. (1994): Relation between growth rate and metabolic organization of white muscle, liver and digestive tract in cod, Gadus morhua. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 164,179–190.10.1007/BF00354078Search in Google Scholar

Masuda, R., Tsokamoto, K. (1996): Morphological development in relation to phototaxis and rheotaxis in the striped jack, Pseudocaranx dentex. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 28, 75-90.10.1080/10236249609378980Search in Google Scholar

Matthews, W. J. (1988): Morphology, habitat use, and life history. In: Patterns in freshwater fish ecology. Chapman & Hall, New York, 756 pp.Search in Google Scholar

McLaughlin, R. L., Grant, J. W. A. (1994): Morphological and behavioural diferences among recently-emerged brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis, foraging in slow-vs. fast-running water. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 39, 289–300.10.1007/BF00005130Search in Google Scholar

Meyer, A. (1987): Phenotypic plasticity and heterochrony in Cichlasoma managuense (Pisces, Cichlidae) and their implication for speciation in cichlid fishes. Evolution, 41, 1357-1369.10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb02473.xSearch in Google Scholar

Minos, G., Katselis, G., Kaspiris, P., Ondrias, I. (1995): Comparison of the change in morphological pattern during the growth in length of the grey mullets Liza ramada and Liza saliens from western Greece. Fisheries Research, 23, 143-155.10.1016/0165-7836(94)00334-SSearch in Google Scholar

Miyazaki, T., Shiozawa, S., Kogane, T., Masuda, R., Maruyama, K., Tsokamoto K. (2000): Developmental changes of the light intensity threshold for school formation in the striped jack, Pseudocaranx dentex. Marine Ecology Progressive Series, 192, 267-275.10.3354/meps192267Search in Google Scholar

Naderloo, R. (2011): Grapsoid crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Thoracotremata) of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Zootaxa, 3048, 1–43.10.11646/zootaxa.3048.1.1Search in Google Scholar

Naderloo, R., Schubart, C.D. (2009). Redescription and mitochondrial identification of Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) based on fresh material from the Persian Gulf, Iran. Zootaxa, 2128, 61–68.10.11646/zootaxa.2128.1.3Search in Google Scholar

Najafpour, N. (1997): Identification of some freshwater fishes of Khuzestan Province. Fisheries Research Centre of Khuzestan Province, Iranian Fisheries Research and Training Organisation, Tehran. 96 pp. In Farsi.Search in Google Scholar

Narejo, N. T. (2010): Morphometric characters and their relationship in Gudusia chapra (Hamilton) from Keenjhar lake (Distt: Thatta), Sindh. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 42, 101-104.Search in Google Scholar

Narejo, N. T., Jafri, S. I. H., Shaikh, S. A. (2000): Studies on the age and growth of Gudusia chapra (Clupiedae: Teleosteii) from the Keenjhar lake (Distt. Thatta) Sindh. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 32, 307-312.Search in Google Scholar

Oniye, S.J., Adebote, D.A., Usman, S.K., Makop, J.K. (2006): Some aspects of the biology of Protopterus annectens (Owen in Jachi Dam near Katsina, Nigeria. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 1, 136-141.10.3923/jfas.2006.136.141Search in Google Scholar

Osse, J. W., van den Boogaart, J. G. M., van Snik, G.M.J., van der Sluys, L. (1997): Priorities during early growth of fish larvae. Aquaculture, 155, 249−25810.1016/S0044-8486(97)00126-9Search in Google Scholar

Rowiński, P. K., Mateos-Gonzalez, F., Sandblom, E., Jutfelt, F., Ekström, A., Sundström, F. (2015): Warming alters the body shape of European perch Perca fluviatilis. Journal of Fish Biology, 87, 1234–124710.1111/jfb.1278526440307Search in Google Scholar

Sabadin, D., González-Castro, M., Iudica, C., Díaz de Astarloa, J.M., Fernández Iriart,e P.J. (2010): Morphometric and genetic assessment of the Cynoscion guatucupa population structure from Buenos Aires coast, Argentine sea. Review of the Biological Marine Oceanography, 45, 513-517.10.4067/S0718-19572010000300016Search in Google Scholar

Safie, A., Khan, A.A., Khan, M.Z. (2014): Study of some morphometric and meristic characters of striped piggy fish, Pomadasys stridens (Forsskal, 1775) from Karachi Coast, Pakistan. Journal of Zoological Studies, 1, 1-6.Search in Google Scholar

Sajina, M., Chakraborty, S. K., Hakraborty, A. K., Sudheesan, D. (2013): Morphometric and meristic analyses of horse mackerel, Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) populations along the Indian coast. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 60, 27-34.Search in Google Scholar

Samaee, S. M., Patzner, R. A. (2010): Morphometric differences among populations of Tuini, Capoeta damascina (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), in the interior basins of Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27, 928-933.10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01587.xSearch in Google Scholar

Sfakianakis, D. G., Leris, I., Laggis, A., Kentouri, M. (2011): The effect of rearing temperature on body shape and meristic characters in zebrafish (Danio rerio) juveniles. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 92,197-205.10.1007/s10641-011-9833-zSearch in Google Scholar

Slavik, O., Horky, P. (2012): Diel dualism in the energy consumption of the European catfish Silurus glanis. Journal of Fish Biology, 81, 2223–2234.10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03436.x23252736Search in Google Scholar

Stearns, S. C. (1983): A natural experiment in life-history evolution: field data on the introduction of mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) to Hawaii. Evolution, 37, 601-617.Search in Google Scholar

Sunuma, T., Amano, M., Yamanome, T., Furukawa, K., Yamamori, K. (2007): Self-feeding activity of a pleuronectiform fish, the barfin flounder. Aquaculture, 270, 566–569.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.083Search in Google Scholar

Turan, C. (2004): Stock identification of Mediterranean horse mackerel Trachurus mediterraneus using morphometric and meristic characters ICES Journal of Marine Science, 61, 774 – 781.10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.05.001Search in Google Scholar

Ünlü, E., Bozkurt, R. (1996): Notes on the catfish, Silurus triostegus (Siluridae) from the Euphrates River in Turkey. Cybium, 20, 315-317.Search in Google Scholar

Ünlü, E., Değer, D., Cicek, T. (2012): Comparison of morphological and anatomical characters in two catfish species, Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843 and Silurus glanis L., 1758 (Siluridae, Siluriformes). North-Western Journal of Zoology, 8, 119-124.Search in Google Scholar

Van Snik, G. M. J., Van Den Boogaart, J. G. M., Osse, J. W. M. (1997): Larval growth patterns in Cyprinus carpio and Clarias gariepinus with attention to the finfold. Journal of Fish Biology, 50, 1339-1352.10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01657.xSearch in Google Scholar

Verep, B., Turan, D., Kovac, V. (2006): Preliminary results on morphometry of babel (Barbus tauricus, Kessler, 1877) in the streams of Riza and Artvin province (Turkey). Turkih Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 6, 17-21.Search in Google Scholar

Wimberger, P. H. (1992): Plasticity of fish body shape. The effects of diet, development, family and age in two species of Geophagus (Pisces; Cichlidae). Biological Journal of Linnean Society, 45,197-218.10.1111/j.1095-8312.1992.tb00640.xSearch in Google Scholar

Zhan, Q.B., Wang, X.L. (2012): Elliptic Fourier analysis of the wing outline shape of five species of antlion (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Myrmeleontini). Zoological Studies, 51, 399-405.Search in Google Scholar