What Determines Export Performances in High‑tech Industries

Katarzyna Śledziewska; Tinatin Akhvlediani

Open Access

What Determines Export Performances in High‑tech Industries

Katarzyna Śledziewska

and

Tinatin Akhvlediani

| Sep 30, 2017

Central European Economic Journal

Volume 1 (2017): Issue 48 (November 2017)

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Page range: 37 - 49

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ceej-2017-0006

Keywords
international trade, high-technology, Visegrad group, gravity model

© 2017 K. Śledziewska, T. Akhvlediani, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Share of technology sectors in the exports of EU-15 and V4 in 2013, (in %)Source: Authors’ own calculations based on the data from Eurostat, (HT, NACE Rev.2, 3-digit level).

Change in the shares of technology sectors in exports of EU-15 and V4 over 2004-2013, (in % points)Source: Authors’ own calculations based on the data from Eurostat, (HT, NACE Rev.2, 3-digit level).

The structure of HT exports of the EU-15 and V4 in 2013Source: Authors’ own calculations based on the data from Eurostat, (HT, NACE Rev.2, 3-digit level).

Share of R&D expenditures in GDP in 2012 (in %) and changes in the share over 2004−2012 (in % points)Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators database.

Estimation results, overall and high-tech exports of the EU-15 and V4

	(EU 15)	(EU 15)	(V4)	(V4)
	all sectors	high-tech	all sectors	high-tech
ln_gdpdiff	-0.107***	-0.201***	-0.0469	0.0851
	(-9.92)	(-15.70)	(-1.66)	(1.82)
ln_pop_r	0.501***	0.478***	0.473***	0.0291
	(41.24)	(26.46)	(16.97)	(0.77)
ln_pop_p	0.509***	0.538***	0.636***	0.607***
	(58.52)	(43.22)	(31.17)	(24.45)
contig	0.372***	0.248***	0.211**	-0.146
	(11.36)	(5.24)	(2.63)	(-1.29)
ldistance	-0.405***	-0.396***	-0.718***	-0.579***
	(-24.01)	(-17.58)	(-20.48)	(-9.10)
EU_par	0.245***	0.349***	0.818***	1.401***
	(8.12)	(7.56)	(16.08)	(15.13)
ln_iit	0.776***		0.573***
	(32.48)		(15.90)
lniit_high		0.490***		0.284***
		(15.12)		(6.02)
ln_sim_RD	0.277***	0.503***	-0.0823	0.371***
	(8.47)	(11.27)	(-1.01)	(3.66)
ln_diff_hc	0.0250***	0.0407***	0.0179	-0.0205
	(3.58)	(4.40)	(1.06)	(-1.10)
ln_diff_ck	-0.101***	-0.119***	0.101***	0.0989**
	(-10.64)	(-8.09)	(4.50)	(3.04)
cons	15.87***	17.04***	13.33***	12.29***
	(88.29)	(65.99)	(42.41)	(24.79)
N	140155	13182	30989	2912

Variables employed in the model

Variable Name	Description	Source	Expected sign
lndiff_gdp	Natural logarithm of the absolute difference between the current GDPs of the importer and exporter countries	WDI	-
ln_pop_r	Natural logarithm of population of a reporter country	WDI	+
ln_pop_p	Natural logarithm of population of a partner country	WDI	+
ldistance	Natural logarithm of geographical distance between the capital of the trading partners	CEPII	-
contig	Dummy variable standing for the neighbouring countries	CEPII	+
EU_par	Dummy variable denoting the EU membership of a partner country	Authors’	+
ln_iit	Natural logarithm of the intra-industry trade index in overall exports	Authors’ calculation
lniit_high	Natural logarithm of the intra-industry trade index in high-tech exports	Authors’ calculation
ln_sim_RD	Natural logarithm of the similarity index of R&D spending	WDI	+
ln_diff_ck	Natural logarithm of the absolute difference between the per capita physical capital stocks of a reporter and a partner country	PWT 8.0	-
ln_diff_hc	Natural logarithm of the absolute difference between the per capita human capital stocks of a reporter and a partner country	PWT 8.0	-

The percentage share of different product groups in HT exports of the EU-15 and V4 in 2013

Product groups	EU15	VIS
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products	4.7 %	0.8 %
Manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations	32.8 %	15.3 %
Manufacture of electronic components and boards	6.0 %	3.7 %
Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment	11.5 %	14.1 %
Manufacture of communication equipment	10.1 %	24.7 %
Manufacture of consumer electronics	3.1 %	27.8 %
Manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring, testing and navigation; watches and clocks	9.6 %	8.9 %
Manufacture of irradiation, electro-medical and electrotherapeutic equipment	2.6 %	0.4 %
Manufacture of optical instruments and photographic equipment	1.8 %	1.4 %
Manufacture of magnetic and optical media	0.2 %	0.1 %
Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery	17.6 %	2.8 %

Correlation matrix

	diffgdp	pop_R	pop_P	contig	distcap	EU_par	iit_T	iit	sim_RD	diff_hc	diff_ck	high_inc	low_inc
diffgdp	1
pop_R	-0.008	1
pop_P	0.0432	-0.0152	1
contig	-0.157	0.0356	-0.0443	1
distcap	0.0234	0.038	0.1523	-0.2438	1
EU_par	-0.0858	-0.0488	-0.1644	0.1684	-0.5464	1
iit_high	-0.1278	0.1669	-0.0009	0.277	-0.1998	0.2789	1
iit	-0.184	0.266	-0.0223	0.4212	-0.3402	0.4471	0.5296	1
sim_RD	-0.3725	-0.05	0.1166	0.1918	-0.2641	0.2604	0.2246	0.3285	1
diff_hc	0.1655	-0.1759	-0.0444	-0.0499	-0.0696	0.0606	-0.1072	-0.15	0.0192	1
diff_ck	0.7352	0.025	0.0899	-0.1575	0.1302	-0.1615	-0.1498	-0.213	-0.3777	0.1006	1
high_inc	-0.1806	-0.0411	-0.2599	0.095	-0.1487	0.4385	0.2193	0.3352	0.2924	0.1402	-0.2592	1
low_inc	0.1803	0.0411	0.2607	-0.0951	0.1505	-0.4376	-0.219	-0.3348	-0.2927	-0.14	0.2594	-0.9979	1

Estimation results, exports in high-tech sectors of V4, with high and low income countries

	(V4)	(V4)
	high-income	low-income
ln_gdpdiff	0.0468	0.310
	(0.97)	(1.28)
ln_pop_r	0.0532	0.155
	(1.34)	(1.34)
ln_pop_p	0.734***	0.620***
	(24.14)	(8.80)
contig	-0.166	1.159***
	(-1.49)	(4.22)
ldistance	-0.608***	-1.399***
	(-10.04)	(-8.14)
EU_par	1.026***
	(11.23)
lniit_high	0.206***	0.0340
	(4.04)	(0.72)
ln_sim_RD	0.513***	0.0178
	(4.56)	(0.09)
ln_diff_hc	-0.0190	-0.0351
	(-1.04)	(-0.53)
ln_diff_ck	0.130***	0.535**
	(3.72)	(3.20)
cons	12.35***	9.471***
	(27.18)	(3.95)
N	2223	685

Summary statistics

Variable	Mean	Standard Deviation	Min	Max	Observations
Ex_v_T	80955	689751	0	54700000	774713
diffgdp	23040	15079	2	112786	696876
pop_R	26	26	0	83	692491
pop_P	47	155	0	1324	588201
contig	0	0	0	1	754735
distcap	5716	3937	60	19586	754735
EU_par	0	0	0	1	774713
iit_T	0	0	0	1	771738
iit	0	0	0	1	774668
sim_RD	1	0	0	1	275716
diff_hc	1	2	0	15	501275
diff_ck	57365	36908	2	273033	588201
high_inc	0	0	0	1	774713
low_inc	0	0	0	1	774713

eISSN:: 2543-6821
Language:: English

Publication timeframe:: Volume Open
Journal Subjects:: Business and Economics, Political Economics, Economic Theory, Systems and Structures, Microeconomics, Macroecomics, Public Finance and Fiscal Theory

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What Determines Export Performances in High‑tech Industries

Published Online: Sep 30, 2017

Page range: 37 - 49

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ceej-2017-0006

Keywords
international trade, high-technology, Visegrad group, gravity model

© 2017 K. Śledziewska, T. Akhvlediani, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Estimation results, overall and high-tech exports of the EU-15 and V4

Variables employed in the model

The percentage share of different product groups in HT exports of the EU-15 and V4 in 2013

Correlation matrix

Estimation results, exports in high-tech sectors of V4, with high and low income countries

Summary statistics

What Determines Export Performances in High‑tech Industries

Published Online: Sep 30, 2017

Page range: 37 - 49

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ceej-2017-0006

Keywordsinternational trade, high-technology, Visegrad group, gravity model

© 2017 K. Śledziewska, T. Akhvlediani, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Estimation results, overall and high-tech exports of the EU-15 and V4

Variables employed in the model

The percentage share of different product groups in HT exports of the EU-15 and V4 in 2013

Correlation matrix

Estimation results, exports in high-tech sectors of V4, with high and low income countries

Summary statistics

Keywords
international trade, high-technology, Visegrad group, gravity model