Leptospirosis in Cattle From Markets of Almaty Province, Kazakhstan

1. Bharti A.R., Nally J.E., Ricaldi J.N., Matthias M.A., Diaz M.M., Lovett M.A., Levett P.N., Gilman R.H., Willig M.R., Gotuzzo E.: Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lanc Infect Dis 2003, 3, 757–771.10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00830-2Search in Google Scholar

2. Bolin C.A.: Diagnosis and Control of Bovine Leptospirosis, Proceedings of the 6^th Western Dairy Management Conference, Reno, 2003, p. 155.Search in Google Scholar

3. Boqvist S., Montgomery J.M., Hurst M., Thu Ho Thi Viet, Evengall E., Olsson Gunnarsson A., Magnusson U.: Leptospira in slaughtered fattening pigs in southern Vietnam: presence of the bacteria in kidneys and association with morphological findings. Vet Microbiol 2003, 93, 361–368.10.1016/S0378-1135(03)00042-7Search in Google Scholar

4. Carole A.B.: Leptospirosis in cattle: disease review and update. Proceeding of the NAVC North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Floryda, 2005.Search in Google Scholar

5. Carpenter J.A., Scorgieb A., Josephson G.: Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona infection associated with carcass condemnation of swine at slaughter. J Swine Health Prod 2006, 14, 145–148.Search in Google Scholar

6. Durham P.J.K., Paine G.D.: Serological survey for antibodies to infectious agents in beef cattle in Northern South Australia. Aust Vet J 1997, 75, 134–140.10.1111/j.1751-0813.1997.tb14176.xSearch in Google Scholar

7. Engelen A.: Dairy development in Kazakhstan. FAO, Rome, 2011.Search in Google Scholar

8. Faine S., Adler B., Bolin C.A., Perolat P.: Leptospira and leptospirosis. MediSci Press, Melbourne, Australia, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

9. Fearnley C., Wakley P.R., Gallego-Beltran J., Dalley C., Williamson S., Gaudie C., Woodward M.J.: The development of a real time PCR to detect pathogenic Leptospira species in kidney tissue. Res Vet Sci 2008, 85, 8–16.10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.09.005Search in Google Scholar

10. Flake L., Zharmagambetov Z.: Kazakhstan Outlines Continued Strategy and Support for Cattle Sector. USDA Forein Agricultural Service, Global Information Network 2013, 6, 1–46.Search in Google Scholar

11. Haji Hajikolaei M.R., Ghorbanpour Najafabadi M., Abdollahpour G.: Serological study of leptospirosis in cattle in Ahvaz. J Fac Vet Med Univ Tehran 2005, 60, 7–14.Search in Google Scholar

12. Hernandez-Rodriguez P., Diaz C.A., Dalmau E.A., Quintero G.M.: A comparison between polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and traditional techniques for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in bovines. J Microbiol Meth 2011, 84, 1–7.10.1016/j.mimet.2010.10.021Search in Google Scholar

13. Harkin K.R., Roshto Y.M., Sullivan J.T., Purvis T.J., Cheengappa M.A.: Comparison of polymerase chain reaction assay, bacteriologic culture and serologic testing in assessment of prevalence of urinary shedding of leptospires in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003, 222, 1230–1233.10.2460/javma.2003.222.1230Search in Google Scholar

14. http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/ah759e/AH759E08.htmSearch in Google Scholar

15. Il'yasov B.K: The etiological structure of Leptospirosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan (the epidemiological map). Copyright certificate number 365 of 17.07.1998.Search in Google Scholar

16. Karimuribo E.D., Swai E.S., Kyakaisho P.K.: Investigation of a syndrome characterised by passage of red urine in smallholder dairy cattle in East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2008, 79, 89–94.10.4102/jsava.v79i2.250Search in Google Scholar

17. Kee S., Kim I., Choi M., Chang W.: Detection of leptospiral DNA by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1994, 32, 1035–1039.10.1128/jcm.32.4.1035-1039.1994Search in Google Scholar

18. Lilenbaum W., Souza G.N.: Factors associated with bovine leptospirosis in Rio de Janeiro. Brazil Res Vet Sci 2003, 75, 249–521.10.1016/S0034-5288(03)00114-0Search in Google Scholar

19. Malakhov Y.A., Panin A.N., Sobolev G.L.: Leptospirosis in farm animals. Moscow 2000, p. 420.Search in Google Scholar

20. Otaka D.Y., Martins G., Hamond C., Penna B., Medeiros M.A., Lilenbaum W.: Serology and PCR for bovine leptospirosis: herd and individual approaches. Veterinary Record published online 2012, March 16.10.1136/vr.10049022427387Search in Google Scholar

21. Meites E., Jay M.T., Deresinski S., Shieh Wun-Ju., Zaki S.R., Tompkins L., Smith D.S.: Reemerging leptospirosis, California. Emerg Infect Dis 2004, 10, 406–412.10.3201/eid1003.030431332278715109405Search in Google Scholar

22. Mgode G.F., Machang'u R.S., Goris M.G., Engelbert M., Sondij S., Hartskeerl R.A.: New Leptospira serovar Sokoine of serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae from cattle in Tanzania. Int J Syst Evol Micr 2006, 56 (Pt 3), 593–977.10.1099/ijs.0.63278-016514033Search in Google Scholar

23. Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Ukimet Uyi on July. 29, 2011, No. 877 On approval of the comprehensive action plan for implementing the project “Development of export potential of cattle meat” for 2011–2015 http://kazpravda.kz/_pdf/oct11/221011decision.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

24. Roach J.M., van Vuuren M., Picard J.A.: A serological survey of antibodies to Leptospira species in dogs in South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2010, 81, 156–159.10.4102/jsava.v81i3.13921247041Search in Google Scholar

25. Segura-Correa V.M., Solis-Calderon J.J., Segura-Correa J.C.: Seroprevalence of and risk factors for leptospiral antibodies among cattle in the state of Yucatan, Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod 2003, 35, 293–299.10.1023/A:1025185703587Search in Google Scholar

26. Statistical Yearbook of Kazakhstan, 2009: www.stat.kz.Search in Google Scholar

27. Swai E.S., Schoonman L., Machang'u R.S.: Prevalence and factors associated with bovine leptospirosis in small scale dairy farms in Tanga region, Tanzania. Bull Anim Health Prod Afr 2005, 53, 51–59.10.4314/bahpa.v53i1.32689Search in Google Scholar

28. Tansuphasiri U., Chanthadee R., Phulsuksombati D., Sangjun N.: Development of a duplex–polymerase chain reaction for rapid detection of pathogenic Leptospira. South Asian J Tropic Med Pub Health 2006, 37, 297–308.Search in Google Scholar

29. Wasiński B., Sroka J., Wójcik-Fatla A., Zając V., Cisak E., Knap J., Sawczyn A., Dutkiewicz J.: Occurrence of leptospirosis in domestic animals reared on exposed or non-exposed to flood areas of eastern Poland. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 2012, 56, 489–493.10.2478/v10213-012-0086-1Search in Google Scholar

30. Zharmagambetova Z.: Agricultural Development Program 2013 –2020. USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Global Information Network, 2013, pp. 1–80.Search in Google Scholar