Open Access

Possibilities and limitations of individual-tree growth models – A review on model evaluations


Cite

Albrecht, A. (2007): Evaluierung des Waldwachstumssimulators Silva 2.2 anhand langfristiger ertragskundlicher Versuchsflächen in Baden-Württemberg. In: Nagel, J. (Ed.): Deutscher Verband forstlicher Forschungsanstalten, Sektion Ertragskunde, Jahrestagung 2007, Alsfeld-Eudorf, 154–163.AlbrechtA.2007Evaluierung des Waldwachstumssimulators Silva 2.2 anhand langfristiger ertragskundlicher Versuchsflächen in Baden-WürttembergNagelJ.Deutscher Verband forstlicher Forschungsanstalten, Sektion ErtragskundeJahrestagung2007AlsfeldEudorf154163Search in Google Scholar

Assmann, E. (1970): The principles of forest yield study. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.AssmannE.1970The principles of forest yield studyPergamon PressOxford, UKSearch in Google Scholar

Assmann, E. and F. Franz (1963): Vorläufige Fichtenertragstafeln für Bayern. Institut für Ertragskunde der forstlichen Forschungsanstalt München, München.AssmannE.FranzF.1963Vorläufige Fichtenertragstafeln für BayernInstitut für Ertragskunde der forstlichen Forschungsanstalt MünchenMünchenSearch in Google Scholar

Berger, R.L. and J.C. Hsu (1996): Bioequivalence trials, intersection tests and equivalence confidence sets. Statistical Science 11, 283–319.BergerR.L.HsuJ.C.1996Bioequivalence trials, intersection tests and equivalence confidence setsStatistical Science1128331910.1214/ss/1032280304Search in Google Scholar

Biging, G.S. and M. Dobbertin (1995): Evaluation of competition indices in individual tree growth models. Forest Science 41, 360–377.BigingG.S.DobbertinM.1995Evaluation of competition indices in individual tree growth modelsForest Science41360377Search in Google Scholar

Brauner, M., Weinmeister, W., Agner, P., Vospernik, S. and B. Hoesle (2005): Forest management decision support for evaluating forest protection effects against rockfall. Forest Ecology and Management 207, 75–85.BraunerM.WeinmeisterW.AgnerP.VospernikS.HoesleB.2005Forest management decision support for evaluating forest protection effects against rockfallForest Ecology and Management207758510.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.018Search in Google Scholar

Bryndum, H. (1987): Buchen-Durchforstungsversuch in Dänemark. Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung 158, 115–122.BryndumH.1987Buchen-Durchforstungsversuch in DänemarkAllgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung158115122Search in Google Scholar

Debeljak, M., Dzeroski, S., Jerina, K., Kobler, A. and M. Adamic (2001): Habitat suitability modelling for red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in South-central Slovenia with classification trees. Ecological Modelling 138, 321–330.DebeljakM.DzeroskiS.JerinaK.KoblerA.AdamicM.2001Habitat suitability modelling for red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in South-central Slovenia with classification treesEcological Modelling13832133010.1016/S0304-3800(00)00411-7Search in Google Scholar

Fahrmeir, L., Künstler, R., Pigeot, I. and G. Tutz (2007): Statistik. Der Weg zur Datenanalyse. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.FahrmeirL.KünstlerR.PigeotI.TutzG.2007StatistikDer Weg zur DatenanalyseSpringerBerlinHeidelbergNew YorkSearch in Google Scholar

Froese, R.E. and A.P. Robinson (2007): A validation and evaluation of the Prognosis individual-tree basal area increment model. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, 1438–1449.FroeseR.E.RobinsonA.P.2007A validation and evaluation of the Prognosis individual-tree basal area increment modelCanadian Journal of Forest Research371438144910.1139/X07-002Search in Google Scholar

Hann, D.W. (1980): Development and evaluation of an even- and uneven-aged ponderosa pine/Arizona fescue stand simulator. Research paper INT-267. USDA Forest Service, Ogden, UT.HannD.W.1980Development and evaluation of an even- and uneven-aged ponderosa pine/Arizona fescue stand simulatorResearch paper INT-267USDA Forest ServiceOgden, UT10.5962/bhl.title.68736Search in Google Scholar

Hasenauer, H. (1994): Ein Einzelbaumwachstumssimulator für ungleichaltrige Fichten-Kiefern und Buchen-Fichtenmischbestände. Österreichische Gesellschaft für Waldökosystemforschung und experimentelle Baumforschung, Wien.HasenauerH.1994Ein Einzelbaumwachstumssimulator für ungleichaltrige Fichten-Kiefern und Buchen-FichtenmischbeständeÖsterreichische Gesellschaft für Waldökosystemforschung und experimentelle BaumforschungWienSearch in Google Scholar

Hasenauer, H. (1997): Dimensional relationships of open-grown trees in Austria. Forest Ecology and Management 96, 197–206.HasenauerH.1997Dimensional relationships of open-grown trees in AustriaForest Ecology and Management9619720610.1016/S0378-1127(97)00057-1Search in Google Scholar

Huber, M.O. (2010): The steady state species composition simulated by BWINPro. Austrian Journal of Forest Science 127, 71–96.HuberM.O.2010The steady state species composition simulated by BWINProAustrian Journal of Forest Science1277196Search in Google Scholar

Huber, M.O. (2011): The evidence of stand development stages in simulations by an individual-tree growth simulator. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, 124–138.HuberM.O.2011The evidence of stand development stages in simulations by an individual-tree growth simulatorCanadian Journal of Forest Research4112413810.1139/X10-189Search in Google Scholar

Kahn, M. and H. Pretzsch (1998): Konzeption und Konstruktion von Wuchs- und Prognosemodellen für Mischbestände in Bayern. Konzeption und Konstruktion des Wochsmodells Silva 2.2. Lehrstuhl für Waldwachstumskunde, München.KahnM.PretzschH.1998Konzeption und Konstruktion von Wuchs- und Prognosemodellen für Mischbestände in BayernKonzeption und Konstruktion des Wochsmodells Silva 2.2Lehrstuhl für WaldwachstumskundeMünchenSearch in Google Scholar

Kennel, R. (1972): Die Buchendurchforstungsversuche in Bayern von 1870 bis 1970. Forstlicher Forschungsbericht München 7, München.KennelR.1972Die Buchendurchforstungsversuche in Bayern von 1870 bis 1970Forstlicher Forschungsbericht München7MünchenSearch in Google Scholar

Kindermann, G. and H. Hasenauer (2005): Zusammenstellung der Oberhöhenfunktionen für die wichtigsten Baumarten in Österreich. Austrian Journal of Forest Science 122, 163–184.KindermannG.HasenauerH.2005Zusammenstellung der Oberhöhenfunktionen für die wichtigsten Baumarten in ÖsterreichAustrian Journal of Forest Science122163184Search in Google Scholar

Kindermann, G. and H. Hasenauer (2007): Vergleich von Grundflächenzuwachsprognose von Ertragstafel und dem Baummodell Moses. Austrian Journal of Forest Science 124, 63–81.KindermannG.HasenauerH.2007Vergleich von Grundflächenzuwachsprognose von Ertragstafel und dem Baummodell MosesAustrian Journal of Forest Science1246381Search in Google Scholar

Klopf, M. (2014): Moses: A single tree growth simulator for forest management planning. PhD thesis, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien.KlopfM.2014Moses: A single tree growth simulator for forest management planningPhD thesisUniversität für BodenkulturWienSearch in Google Scholar

Kramer, H. and M. Röös (1989): Durchforstungsversuch in einem weitständig begründeten Kiefernbestand. Forst und Holz 44, 139–144.KramerH.RöösM.1989Durchforstungsversuch in einem weitständig begründeten KiefernbestandForst und Holz44139144Search in Google Scholar

Lappi, J. (1991): Calibration of height and volume equations with random parameters. Forest Science 37, 781–801.LappiJ.1991Calibration of height and volume equations with random parametersForest Science37781801Search in Google Scholar

Lappi, J. (1997): A longitudinal analysis of height/diameter curves. Forest Science 43, 555–570.LappiJ.1997A longitudinal analysis of height/diameter curvesForest Science43555570Search in Google Scholar

Lappi, J. and R.L. Bailey (1988): A height prediction model with random stand and tree parameters: an alternative to traditional site index methods. Forest Science 34, 907–927.LappiJ.BaileyR.L.1988A height prediction model with random stand and tree parameters: an alternative to traditional site index methodsForest Science34907927Search in Google Scholar

Lappi, J. and J. Malinen (1994): Random-parameter height/age models when stand parameters and stand age are correlated. Forest Science 40, 715–731.LappiJ.MalinenJ.1994Random-parameter height/age models when stand parameters and stand age are correlatedForest Science40715731Search in Google Scholar

Lässig, R. (1991): Zum Wachstum von Fichtensolitären (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Südwestdeutschland. PhD thesis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau.LässigR.1991Zum Wachstum von Fichtensolitären (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in SüdwestdeutschlandPhD thesisAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im BreisgauSearch in Google Scholar

Ledermann, T. (2010): Evaluating the performance of semi-distance-independent competition indices in predicting the basal area growth of individual trees. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, 796–805.LedermannT.2010Evaluating the performance of semi-distance-independent competition indices in predicting the basal area growth of individual treesCanadian Journal of Forest Research4079680510.1139/X10-026Search in Google Scholar

Loague, K. and R.E. Green (1991): Statistical and graphical methods for evaluating solute transport models: Overview and application. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 7, 51–73.LoagueK.GreenR.E.1991Statistical and graphical methods for evaluating solute transport models: Overview and applicationJournal of Contaminant Hydrology7517310.1016/0169-7722(91)90038-3Search in Google Scholar

Maguire, D.A., Kershaw, J.A. and D.W. Hann (1991): Predicting the effects of silvicultural regime on branch size and crown wood core in Douglas-Fir. Forest Science 37, 1409–1428.MaguireD.A.KershawJ.A.HannD.W.1991Predicting the effects of silvicultural regime on branch size and crown wood core in Douglas-FirForest Science3714091428Search in Google Scholar

Marzluff, J.M., Millspaugh, J.J., Ceder, K.R., Oliver, C.D., Withey, J., McCarter, J.B., Mason, C.L. and J. Comnick (2002): Modeling changes in wildlife habitat and timber revenues in response to forest management. Forest Science 48, 191–202.MarzluffJ.M.MillspaughJ.J.CederK.R.OliverC.D.WitheyJ.McCarterJ.B.MasonC.L.ComnickJ.2002Modeling changes in wildlife habitat and timber revenues in response to forest managementForest Science48191202Search in Google Scholar

Mehtätalo, L. (2004): A longitudinal height–diameter model for Norway spruce in Finland. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, 131–140.MehtätaloL.2004A longitudinal height–diameter model for Norway spruce in FinlandCanadian Journal of Forest Research3413114010.1139/x03-207Search in Google Scholar

Mehtätalo, L. (2005): Height-Diameter models for Scots pine and birch in Finland. Silva Fennica 39, 55–66.MehtätaloL.2005Height-Diameter models for Scots pine and birch in FinlandSilva Fennica39556610.14214/sf.395Search in Google Scholar

Mette, T., Albrecht, A., Ammer, C., Biber, P., Kohnle, U. and H. Pretzsch (2009): Evaluation of the forest growth simulator SILVA on dominant trees in mature mixed Silver fir-Norway spruce stands in South-West Germany. Ecological Modelling 220, 1670–1680.MetteT.AlbrechtA.AmmerC.BiberP.KohnleU.PretzschH.2009Evaluation of the forest growth simulator SILVA on dominant trees in mature mixed Silver fir-Norway spruce stands in South-West GermanyEcological Modelling2201670168010.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.018Search in Google Scholar

Monserud, R.A., Ledermann, T. and H. Sterba (2004): Are self-thinning constraints needed in a tree-specific mortality model? Forest Science 50, 848–858.MonserudR.A.LedermannT.SterbaH.2004Are self-thinning constraints needed in a tree-specific mortality model?Forest Science50848858Search in Google Scholar

Monserud, R.A. and H. Sterba (1996): A basal area increment model for individual trees growing in even- and uneven-aged forest stands in Austria. Forest Ecology and Management 80, 57–80.MonserudR.A.SterbaH.1996A basal area increment model for individual trees growing in even- and uneven-aged forest stands in AustriaForest Ecology and Management80578010.1016/0378-1127(95)03638-5Search in Google Scholar

Monserud, R.A. and H. Sterba (1999): Modeling individual tree mortality for Austrian forest species. Forest Ecology and Management 113, 109–123.MonserudR.A.SterbaH.1999Modeling individual tree mortality for Austrian forest speciesForest Ecology and Management11310912310.1016/S0378-1127(98)00419-8Search in Google Scholar

Mäkinen, H. and A. Isomäki (2004): Thinning intensity and growth of Norway spruce stands in Finland. Forestry 77, 349–364.MäkinenH.IsomäkiA.2004Thinning intensity and growth of Norway spruce stands in FinlandForestry7734936410.1093/forestry/77.4.349Search in Google Scholar

Nachtmann, G. (2006): Height increment models for individual trees in Austria depending on site and competition. Austrian Journal of Forest Science 123, 199–222.NachtmannG.2006Height increment models for individual trees in Austria depending on site and competitionAustrian Journal of Forest Science123199222Search in Google Scholar

Nagel, J. (1999): Konzeptionelle Überlegungen zum schrittweisen Aufbau eines waldwachstumskundlichen Simulationssystems für Norddeutschland. Paul Parey Verlag, Schriftenreihe der Forstlichen Fakultät der Universität Göttingen, Band 128, pp. 122.NagelJ.1999Konzeptionelle Überlegungen zum schrittweisen Aufbau eines waldwachstumskundlichen Simulationssystems für NorddeutschlandPaul Parey VerlagSchriftenreihe der Forstlichen Fakultät der Universität GöttingenBand128122Search in Google Scholar

Nagel, J. (2009): Waldwachstumssimulation mit dem Java Software Paket TreeGross. Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Göttingen.NagelJ.2009Waldwachstumssimulation mit dem Java Software Paket TreeGrossNordwestdeutsche Forstliche VersuchsanstaltGöttingenSearch in Google Scholar

Nagel, J. and M. Schmidt (2006): The silvicultural decision support system BWINPro. In: Hasenauer, H. (Ed.): Sustainable forest management. Growth models for Europe. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 59–63.NagelJ.SchmidtM.2006The silvicultural decision support system BWINProHasenauerH.Sustainable forest management. Growth models for Europe. Springer VerlagBerlin596310.1007/3-540-31304-4_4Search in Google Scholar

Nothdurft, A., Kublin, E. and J. Lappi (2006): A nonlinear hierarchical mixed model to describe tree height growth. European Journal of Forest Research 125, 281–289.NothdurftA.KublinE.LappiJ.2006A nonlinear hierarchical mixed model to describe tree height growthEuropean Journal of Forest Research12528128910.1007/s10342-006-0118-6Search in Google Scholar

Pretzsch, H. (1992): Konzeption und Konstruktion von Wuchsmodellen für Rein- und Mischbestände. Forstlicher Forschungsbericht 115, Forstwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität München und Bayerische Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt.PretzschH.1992Konzeption und Konstruktion von Wuchsmodellen für Rein- und Mischbestände. Forstlicher Forschungsbericht 115Forstwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität München und Bayerische Forstliche Versuchs- und ForschungsanstaltSearch in Google Scholar

Pretzsch, H. (2001): Modellierung des Waldwachstums. Paul Parey, Berlin, Wien.PretzschH.2001Modellierung des WaldwachstumsPaul PareyBerlin, WienSearch in Google Scholar

Pretzsch, H. (2002): Application and evaluation of the growth simulator Silva 2.2 for forest stands, forest estates and large regions. Forstwissenschaftliches Zentralblatt 121, 28–51.PretzschH.2002Application and evaluation of the growth simulator Silva 2.2 for forest stands, forest estates and large regionsForstwissenschaftliches Zentralblatt1212851Search in Google Scholar

Pretzsch, H. (2005): Stand density and growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.): evidence from long-term experimental plots. European Journal of Forest Research 124, 193–205.PretzschH.2005Stand density and growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.): evidence from long-term experimental plotsEuropean Journal of Forest Research12419320510.1007/s10342-005-0068-4Search in Google Scholar

Pretzsch, H., Biber, P. and J. Dursky (2002): The single tree-based stand simulator SILVA – construction, application and evaluation. Forest Ecology and Management 162, 3–21.PretzschH.BiberP.DurskyJ.2002The single tree-based stand simulator SILVA – construction, application and evaluationForest Ecology and Management16232110.1016/S0378-1127(02)00047-6Search in Google Scholar

Pretzsch, H., Biber, P., Dursky, J. and R. Sodtke (2006): The individual-tree based stand simulator SILVA. In: Hasenauer, H. (Ed.): Sustainable forest management. Growth models for Europe. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 78–84.PretzschH.BiberP.DurskyJ.SodtkeR.2006The individual-tree based stand simulator SILVAHasenauerH.Sustainable forest management. Growth models for EuropeSpringer VerlagBerlin788410.1007/3-540-31304-4_7Search in Google Scholar

Pretzsch, H. and J. Dursky (2001): Evaluierung von Waldwachstumssimulatoren auf Baum- und Bestandesebene. Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung 172, 146–150.PretzschH.DurskyJ.2001Evaluierung von Waldwachstumssimulatoren auf Baum- und BestandesebeneAllgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung172146150Search in Google Scholar

Pretzsch, H., Rötzer, T. and D.I. Forrester (2017): Modelling mixed-species forest stands. In: Pretzsch, H., Forrester D.I. and J. Bauhaus (Eds.): Mixed-species forests. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 383–431.PretzschH.RötzerT.ForresterD.I.2017Modelling mixed-species forest standsPretzschH.ForresterD.I.BauhausJ.Mixed-species forestsSpringer VerlagBerlin38343110.1007/978-3-662-54553-9_8Search in Google Scholar

Reineke, L.H. (1933): Perfecting a stand-density index for even-aged forests. Journal of Agricultural Research 46, 627–638.ReinekeL.H.1933Perfecting a stand-density index for even-aged forestsJournal of Agricultural Research46627638Search in Google Scholar

Robinson, A.P. and R.E. Froese (2004): Model validation using equivalence tests. Ecological Modelling 176, 349–358.RobinsonA.P.FroeseR.E.2004Model validation using equivalence testsEcological Modelling17634935810.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.01.013Search in Google Scholar

Schmid, S., Zingg, A., Biber, P. and H. Bugmann (2006): Evaluation of the forest growth model SILVA along an elevational gradient in Switzerland. European Journal of Forest Research 125, 43–55.SchmidS.ZinggA.BiberP.BugmannH.2006Evaluation of the forest growth model SILVA along an elevational gradient in SwitzerlandEuropean Journal of Forest Research125435510.1007/s10342-005-0076-4Search in Google Scholar

Schmidt, M. and J. Hansen (2007): Valdierung der Durchmesserzuwachsprognosen des Wachstumssimulators BWINPro 7.0 für Fichte und Buche für den Bereich der alten Bundesländer. In: Nagel, J. (Ed.): Sektion Ertragskunde Jahrestagung 2007, Alsfeld-Eudorf, 164–179.SchmidtM.HansenJ.2007Valdierung der Durchmesserzuwachsprognosen des Wachstumssimulators BWINPro 7.0 für Fichte und Buche für den Bereich der alten BundesländerNagelJ.Sektion Ertragskunde Jahrestagung 2007, Alsfeld-Eudorf164179Search in Google Scholar

Schober, R. (1979): Massen-, Sorten- und Wertertrag der Fichte bei verschiedener Durchforstung. Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung 150, 129–152.SchoberR.1979Massen-, Sorten- und Wertertrag der Fichte bei verschiedener DurchforstungAllgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung150129152Search in Google Scholar

Stage, A.R. (1973): Prognosis model for stand development. USDA Forest Service. INT-137, Intermount Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, UT, USA.StageA.R.1973Prognosis model for stand development. USDA Forest ServiceINT-137, Intermount Forest and Range Experiment StationOgdenUT, USASearch in Google Scholar

Stage, A.R. and T. Ledermann (2008): Effects of competitor spacing in a new class of individual-tree indices of competition: semi-distance-independent indices computed for Bitterlich versus fixed-area plots. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, 890–898.StageA.R.LedermannT.2008Effects of competitor spacing in a new class of individual-tree indices of competition: semi-distance-independent indices computed for Bitterlich versus fixed-area plotsCanadian Journal of Forest Research3889089810.1139/X07-192Search in Google Scholar

Stampfer, E. (1995): Solitärdimensionen österreichischer Baumarten. Diploma thesis, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien.StampferE.1995Solitärdimensionen österreichischer BaumartenDiploma thesisUniversität für BodenkulturWienSearch in Google Scholar

Sterba, H. (1987): Estimating potential density from thinning experiments and inventory data. Forest Science 33, 1022–1034.SterbaH.1987Estimating potential density from thinning experiments and inventory dataForest Science3310221034Search in Google Scholar

Sterba, H. (1996): Oberhöhendefinition im gleichaltrigen Mischwald. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für das Forstwesen 147, 109–120.SterbaH.1996Oberhöhendefinition im gleichaltrigen MischwaldSchweizerische Zeitschrift für das Forstwesen147109120Search in Google Scholar

Sterba, H., Blab, A. and K. Katzensteiner (2002): Adapting an individual tree growth model for Norway spruce (Picea abies L. KARST) in pure and mixed species stands. Forest Ecology and Management 159, 101–110.SterbaH.BlabA.KatzensteinerK.2002Adapting an individual tree growth model for Norway spruce (Picea abies L. KARST) in pure and mixed species standsForest Ecology and Management15910111010.1016/S0378-1127(01)00713-7Search in Google Scholar

Sterba, H. and O. Eckmüllner (2010): Bonität und Kulmination des Höhenzuwachses. Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung 181, 14–21.SterbaH.EckmüllnerO.2010Bonität und Kulmination des HöhenzuwachsesAllgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung1811421Search in Google Scholar

Sterba, H., Korol, N. and G. Rössler (2001): Ein Ansatz zur Evaluierung eines Einzelbaumwachstumssimulators für Fichtenreinbestände. Forstwissenschaftliches Zentralblatt 120, 406–421.SterbaH.KorolN.RösslerG.2001Ein Ansatz zur Evaluierung eines Einzelbaumwachstumssimulators für FichtenreinbeständeForstwissenschaftliches Zentralblatt12040642110.1007/BF02796110Search in Google Scholar

Sterba, H. and R.A. Monserud (1997): Applicability of the forest stand growth simulator PROGNAUS for the Austrian part of the Bohemian Massif. Ecological Modelling 98, 23–34.SterbaH.MonserudR.A.1997Applicability of the forest stand growth simulator PROGNAUS for the Austrian part of the Bohemian MassifEcological Modelling98233410.1016/S0304-3800(96)01934-5Search in Google Scholar

Sterba, H., Vospernik, S., Söderbergh, I. and T. Ledermann (2006): Harvesting rules and modules for predicting commercial timber assortments. In: Hasenauer, H. (Ed.): Sustainable Forest Management – Growth models for Europe, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 111–130.SterbaH.VospernikS.SöderberghI.LedermannT.2006Harvesting rules and modules for predicting commercial timber assortmentsHasenauerH.Sustainable Forest Management – Growth models for EuropeSpringerBerlin Heidelberg11113010.1007/3-540-31304-4_10Search in Google Scholar

Vanclay, J.K. and J.P. Skovsgaard (1997): Evaluating forest growth models. Ecological Modelling 98, 1–12.VanclayJ.K.SkovsgaardJ.P.1997Evaluating forest growth modelsEcological Modelling9811210.1016/S0304-3800(96)01932-1Search in Google Scholar

Vospernik, S. and O. Eckmüllner (2012): Evaluation of the individual tree growth model Prognaus. Austrian Journal of Forest Science 129, 22–55.VospernikS.EckmüllnerO.2012Evaluation of the individual tree growth model PrognausAustrian Journal of Forest Science1292255Search in Google Scholar

Vospernik, S., Monserud, R.A. and H. Sterba (2010): Do individual-tree growth models correctly represent height:diameter ratios of Norway spruce and Scots pine? Forest Ecology and Management 260, 1735–1753.VospernikS.MonserudR.A.SterbaH.2010Do individual-tree growth models correctly represent height:diameter ratios of Norway spruce and Scots pine?Forest Ecology and Management2601735175310.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.055298755021151352Search in Google Scholar

Vospernik, S., Monserud, R.A. and H. Sterba (2015): Comparing individual-tree growth models using principles of stand growth for Norway spruce, Scots pine, and European beech. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, 1006–1018.VospernikS.MonserudR.A.SterbaH.2015Comparing individual-tree growth models using principles of stand growth for Norway spruce, Scots pine, and European beechCanadian Journal of Forest Research451006101810.1139/cjfr-2014-0394Search in Google Scholar

Vospernik, S. and S. Reimoser (2008): Modelling changes in roe deer habitat in response to forest management. Forest Ecology and Management 255, 530–545.VospernikS.ReimoserS.2008Modelling changes in roe deer habitat in response to forest managementForest Ecology and Management25553054510.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.036Search in Google Scholar

Vospernik, S. and H. Sterba (2015): Do competition-density rule and self-thinning rule agree? Annals of Forest Science 72, 379–390.VospernikS.SterbaH.2015Do competition-density rule and self-thinning rule agree?Annals of Forest Science7237939010.1007/s13595-014-0433-xSearch in Google Scholar

Weiskittel, A.R., Hann, D.W., Kershaw, J.A. and J.K. Vanclay (2011): Forest Growth and Yield Modeling. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.WeiskittelA.R.HannD.W.KershawJ.A.VanclayJ.K.2011Forest Growth and Yield ModelingWiley-BlackwellOxford10.1002/9781119998518Search in Google Scholar

Wenk, G. and Gerold, D. (1991): Methodik der Konstruktion von Ertragstafeln für Rein- und Mischbestände. Tagungsband der Sektion Ertragskunde des Deutschen Verbandes Forstlicher Forschungsanstalten, Treis-Karden/Mosel, 36–59.WenkG.GeroldD.1991Methodik der Konstruktion von Ertragstafeln für Rein- und MischbeständeTagungsband der Sektion Ertragskunde des Deutschen Verbandes Forstlicher Forschungsanstalten, Treis-Karden/Mosel3659Search in Google Scholar

Windhager, M. (1999): Evaluierung von vier verschiedenen Waldwachstumssimulatoren. PhD thesis, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien.WindhagerM.1999Evaluierung von vier verschiedenen WaldwachstumssimulatorenPhD thesisUniversität für Bodenkultur WienSearch in Google Scholar

Wykoff, W.R. (1990): A basal area increment model for individual conifers in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Forest Science 36, 1077–1104.WykoffW.R.1990A basal area increment model for individual conifers in the Northern Rocky MountainsForest Science3610771104Search in Google Scholar

Zingg, A. (1994): Top heights in mixed stands. Their definition and calculation. In: Pinto da Costa, M.E. and T. Preuhsler (Eds.): Mixed stands. Research plots, measurements and results, models. Proceedings from the symposium of the IUFRO Working Groups S.4.01-03: Design, Performance and Evaluation of Experiments. S.4.01-04 Growth models for Tree and Stand Simulation. Instituto superior de agronomia. Universidade técnica de Lisboa, Lousa/Coimbra, Portugal, 67–97.ZinggA.1994Top heights in mixed stands. Their definition and calculationPinto da CostaM.E.PreuhslerT.Mixed stands. Research plots, measurements and results, models. Proceedings from the symposium of the IUFRO Working Groups S.4.01-03: Design, Performance and Evaluation of Experiments. S.4.01-04 Growth models for Tree and Stand Simulation. Instituto superior de agronomiaUniversidade técnica de LisboaLousa/Coimbra, Portugal6797Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
0006-5471
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Ecology, other