Effect of nitrogen fertilization and genotype on the yield and yield components of winter wheat

Eszter Sugár; Zoltán Berzsenyi; Tamás Árendás; Péter Bónis

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Effect of nitrogen fertilization and genotype on the yield and yield components of winter wheat

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| Apr 20, 2016

Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment

Volume 67 (2016): Issue 1 (March 2016)

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Published Online: Apr 20, 2016

Page range: 25 - 34

Received: Mar 03, 2015

Accepted: Jan 29, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/boku-2016-0003

© 2016 Eszter Sugár, Zoltán Berzsenyi, Tamás Árendás and Péter Bónis

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Monthly precipitation and mean air temperature at the experimental site (2007–2009)Abbildung 1. Monatliche Niederschlagsmengen und Durchschnittstemperaturen am Versuchsstandort (2007–2009)

Effect of N fertilization and genotype on the grain yield of wheat for each N treatment and cultivar in the three years (vertical lines in the columns represent LSD5%)Abbildung 2. Einfluss der N-Düngung und des Genotyps auf den Kornertrag von Weizen für jede N-Stufe und Sorte in den drei Versuchsjahren (vertikale Linien in den Spalten repräsentieren LSD5%)

Correlation between yield (t · ha–1) and grain number per square meter (GrNo), yield and thousand kernel weight (TKW), yield and harvest index (HI), and yield and chlorophyll content of the flag leaf (SPAD)Abbildung 3. Korrelation zwischen dem Ertrag (t ·ha–1) und der Kornzahl pro m2 (GrNo), dem Ertrag und dem Tausendkorngewicht (TKW), dem Ertrag und dem Ernteindex (HI) und dem Ertrag und dem Chlorophyllgehalt des Fahnenblattes (SPAD)

Effect of N fertilization on the yield components of wheat cultivars (2007–2009)Tabelle 3. Einfluss der N-Düngung auf die Ertragskomponenten der Weizensorten (2007–2009)

N dose	2007			2008			2009
	Toborzó	Palotás	Verbunkos	Toborzó	Palotás	Verbunkos	Toborzó	Palotás	Verbunkos
Spike number per square meter
N₀	655.8	620.8	639.0	493.8	512.8	487.5	469.0	415.2	425.5
N₈₀	685.0	674.5	644.0	583.2	614.2	527.0	521.0	535.2	543.8
N₁₆₀	745.0	703.8	693.2	689.0	570.8	715.8	610.2	697.2	560.0
N₂₄₀	823.8	699.2	726.5	753.2	612.2	593.2	643.2	624.8	680.8
LSD values
N	77.59 P<0.05			62.12 P<0.001			38.16 P<0.001
V	46.13 P<0.05			31.62 P<0.01			40.10 = nonsignificant; V = variety
N×V	102.66 = nonsignificant; V = variety			76.67 P<0.001			73.14 P<0.05

Grain number per spike
N₀	10.72	12.35	13.05	14.65	20.62	22.30	14.23	21.23	21.20
N₈₀	8.72	14.75	15.02	28.12	39.32	46.10	28.53	36.92	37.30
N₁₆₀	8.45	14.35	14.80	34.72	46.35	48.92	32.92	38.62	46.20
N₂₄₀	8.20	14.45	16.47	32.32	41.70	50.62	38.42	37.72	47.02
LSD values
N	1.525 = nonsignificant; V = variety			2.865 P<0.001			2.870 P<0.001
V	1.180 P<0.001			2.539 P<0.001			2.143 P<0.001
N×V	2.345 P<0.05			4.832 = nonsignificant; V = variety			4.314 P<0.05

Thousand kernel weight (g)
N₀	56.20	44.87	46.07	53.10	42.27	40.05	54.67	45.05	41.45
N₈₀	54.82	44.32	43.57	54.60	42.80	42.10	53.05	45.32	40.70
N₁₆₀	53.12	47.25	45.82	50.05	38.82	39.40	49.57	41.22	38.30
N₂₄₀	52.20	43.92	40.97	50.22	37.37	37.30	48.82	39.60	38.30
LSD values
N	1.704 P<0.01			1.235 P<0.001			2.886 P<0.01
V	1.559 P<0.001			0.980 P<0.001			1.981 P<0.001
N×V	2.941 = nonsignificant; V = variety			1.930 = nonsignificant; V = variety			4.124 = nonsignificant; V = variety

Analysis of variance for the two-factor, split-plot experimentTabelle 2. Varianzanalyse für den zwei-faktoriellen Versuch mit Split-Plot-Design

Factor	d.f.	2007		2008		2009
Factor	d.f.	MS	F-value	MS	F-value	MS	F-value
Replication	3	4.1269	7.90	0.4331	1.08	1.2185	1.74
Fertilization	3	7.9836	15.28 P<0.001	21.4013	53.59 P<0.001	7.2848	10.39 P<0.01
Residual (a)	9	0.5225	4.28	0.3993	1.82	0.7009	3.87
Variety	2	0.6941	5.68 P<0.01	1.5543	7.06 P<0.01	2.8560	15.78 P<0.001
Fertilization × Variety	6	0.1252	1.03 = nonsignificant	0.1691	0.77 = nonsignificant	0.2666	1.47 = nonsignificant
Residual (b)	24	0.1221		0.2200		0.1810
Total	47	0.981		1.670		0.925

Effect of N treatments on the harvest index (HI %) of the wheat cultivars (2007–2009)Tabelle 4. Einfluss der N-Düngung auf den Harvestindex (HI %) der Weizensorten (2007–2009)

N dose	2007			2008			2009
N dose	Toborzó	Palotás	Verbunkos	Toborzó	Palotás	Verbunkos	Toborzó	Palotás	Verbunkos
N₀	38.50	38.75	36.75	38.50	41.25	40.00	40.75	43.25	44.00
N₈₀	39.25	43.50	42.00	40.00	43.00	42.00	41.50	44.75	42.75
N₁₆₀	44.25	46.00	43.00	40.75	42.75	42.75	41.50	47.00	45.75
N₂₄₀	42.00	41.50	44.00	40.25	41.50	41.50	40.25	46.50	49.25

LSD values
N	2.112 P<0.001			1.160 P<0.05			1.560 P<0.01
V	1.727 = nonsignificant; V = variety			1.627 P<0.05			1.392 P<0.001
N×V	3.369 = nonsignificant; V = variety			2.829 = nonsignificant; V = variety			2.644 P<0.05

Results of regression analysis for two independent variables (grain number per square meter, thousand kernel weight) on the yield of winter wheat for each N treatmentTabelle 6. Ergebnisse der Regressionanalyse von zwei unabhängigen Variablen (Kornzahl pro m2, Tausendkorngewicht) auf dem Ertrag von Winterweizen für jede N-Stufe

Parameter	N₀		N₈₀		N₁₆₀		N₂₄₀
Parameter	Estimate	t-value	Estimate	t-value	Estimate	t-value	Estimate	t-value
Constant	6.05	1.07 = nonsignificant; TKW = thousand kernel weight.	5.21	2.49 P<0.05	6.67	6.69 P<0.001	5.81	4.00 P<0.01
Grain number	5.702 × 10⁻⁵	0.22 = nonsignificant; TKW = thousand kernel weight.	9.86 × 10⁻⁵	3.04 P<0.05	5.45 × 10^-5	5.20 P<0.01	8.26 × 10⁻⁵	4.62 P<0.01
TKW	−0.023	−0.29 = nonsignificant; TKW = thousand kernel weight.	0.006	0.17 = nonsignificant; TKW = thousand kernel weight.	−0.011	−0.60 = nonsignificant; TKW = thousand kernel weight.	−0.06 10–2	−0.02 = nonsignificant; TKW = thousand kernel weight.

	R²% = 15.8		R^20/0% = 54.9		R^20/0% = 88.6		R^20/0% = 76.9
	F-value <1		F-value = 5.87 P<0.05		F-value = 32.08 P<0.001		F-value = 14.32 P<0.01

Effect of N treatment on the soil properties in the 0- to 20-cm layer at the end of the experimentTabelle 1. Einfluss der N-Düngung auf die Bodeneigenschaften in der Tiefe von 0–20 cm am Ende des Versuches

N fertilization	Humus content	pH value	Total N	AL-P₂O₅ Each plot was given 120 kg · ha^–1 of each P₂O₅ and K₂O fertilizer.	AL-K₂O^{Each plot was given 120 kg · ha^–1 of each P₂O₅ and K₂O fertilizer.}
kg · ha^–1	[%]	(KCl)	[mg · kg^–1]	[mg · kg^–1]	[mg · kg^–1]
0	2.74a	6.86ab	7.88b	282.0a	205.0a
80	2.94a	6.55b	9.94ab	236.3a	221.5a
160	2.81a	7.02a	11.18ab	247.8a	206.3a
240	2.96a	6.76ab	13.32a	259.5a	233.3a

Effect of N fertilization on the chlorophyll content (SPAD index) of the flag leaf in the individual wheat cultivars (2007–2009)Tabelle 5. Einfluss der N-Düngung auf den Chlorophyllgehalt (SPAD Index) des Fahnenblattes der Weizensorten (2007–2009)

N dose	2007			2008			2009
N dose	Toborzó	Palotás	Verbunkos	Toborzó	Palotás	Verbunkos	Toborzó	Palotás	Verbunkos
N₀	43.45	45.08	45.28	45.80	45.85	46.85	46.67	42.82	43.77
N₈₀	51.78	54.63	56.10	48.90	49.45	50.52	51.07	49.95	53.10
N₁₆₀	53.58	57.10	57.60	52.08	54.25	55.12	53.57	52.82	54.90
N₂₄₀	54.00	58.25	58.23	52.90	54.53	55.35	54.23	53.80	56.62

LSD values
N	2.896 P<0.001			0.443 P<0.001			1.290 P<0.001
V	1.260 P<0.001			0.606 P<0.001			0.874 P<0.001
N×V	3.381 = nonsignificant; V = variety			1.056 = nonsignificant; V = variety			1.830 P<0.01

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Effect of nitrogen fertilization and genotype on the yield and yield components of winter wheat

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: Apr 20, 2016

Page range: 25 - 34

Received: Mar 03, 2015

Accepted: Jan 29, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/boku-2016-0003

© 2016 Eszter Sugár, Zoltán Berzsenyi, Tamás Árendás and Péter Bónis

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Effect of N fertilization on the yield components of wheat cultivars (2007–2009)Tabelle 3. Einfluss der N-Düngung auf die Ertragskomponenten der Weizensorten (2007–2009)

Analysis of variance for the two-factor, split-plot experimentTabelle 2. Varianzanalyse für den zwei-faktoriellen Versuch mit Split-Plot-Design

Effect of N treatments on the harvest index (HI %) of the wheat cultivars (2007–2009)Tabelle 4. Einfluss der N-Düngung auf den Harvestindex (HI %) der Weizensorten (2007–2009)

Effect of N treatment on the soil properties in the 0- to 20-cm layer at the end of the experimentTabelle 1. Einfluss der N-Düngung auf die Bodeneigenschaften in der Tiefe von 0–20 cm am Ende des Versuches

Effect of N fertilization on the chlorophyll content (SPAD index) of the flag leaf in the individual wheat cultivars (2007–2009)Tabelle 5. Einfluss der N-Düngung auf den Chlorophyllgehalt (SPAD Index) des Fahnenblattes der Weizensorten (2007–2009)