Epigenetic alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
, , , , , , , , , , , , and | Jul 09, 2016
About this article
Article Category: Original Article
Published Online: Jul 09, 2016
Page range: 15 - 24
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/bjmg-2015-0081
Keywords
© 2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Methylated (M) fraction of the analyzed genes in four DNA pools.
| Genes | Controls M Fraction (%) | Newly-Diagnosed T2DM M Fraction (%) | T2DM Duration <5 Years M Fraction (%) | T2DM Duration >5 Years M Fraction (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0 | 5.9 | 0.5 | 47.8 | |
| 0.0 | 13.6 | 14.7 | 34.1 | |
| 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | |
| 0.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 0.0 | |
| 98.5 | 98.4 | 97.7 | 95.9 | |
| 1.4 | 23.6 | 13.1 | 9.5 | |
| 2.4 | 10.4 | 4.9 | 15.7 | |
| 7.3 | 22.3 | 22.4 | 32.0 | |
| 0.0 | 13.2 | 6.6 | 7.6 | |
| 3.5 | 8.1 | 20.2 | 23.3 | |
| 0.0 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 10.2 |
Main characteristics (number, gender distribution, mean age, BMI, Hb A1c, diabetes duration, presence of MetS, arterial hypertension, chronic complications of diabetes of the participants in the subgroups according to diabetes duration: newly-diagnosed T2DM, T2DM duration of <5 years, and T2DM duration >5 years).
| Parameters | Newly-Diagnosed T2DM | T2DM Duration <5 Years | T2DM Duration >5 Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Sex | 6 males; 3 females | 5 males; 4 females | 5 males; 4 females |
| Age (years) (mean + SD) | 62.0 + 7.5 | 51.3 + 14.0 | 55.7 + 7.7 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.8 + 8.4 | 38.1 + 13.7 | 34.0 + 2.7 |
| Hb A1c (%) | 7.9 + 2.3 | 8.8 + 1.8 | 8.7 + 2.1 |
| Duration (years) | 0.0 | 2.2 + 0.8 | 6.8 + 1.9 |
| MetS (%) | 7/9 (77.8) | 6/9 (66.7) | 9/9 (100.0) |
| Arterial hypertension (%) | 6/9 (66.7) | 8/9 (88.9) | 8/9 (88.9) |
| Chronic complications of diabetes (%) | 2/9 (22.2) | 8/9 (88.9) | 8/9 (88.9) |
List of 22 analyzed genes and the processes they mediate.
| Genes | Processes Mediated by the Genes |
|---|---|
| Oxidative stress | |
| DNA damage | |
| Unfolded protein response | |
| Hypoxia | |
| Heat shock protein | |
| Growth arrest and senescence | |
| Inflammation | |
| Anti-apoptosis | |
| Proliferation and carcinogenesis |