[Abdel- Mageed M.A.A. (2012). Effect of dietary humic substances supplementation on performance and immunity of Japanese quail. Egypt. Poult. Sci., 32: 645-660.]Search in Google Scholar
[Anjum M.A., Khan S.H., Sahota A.W., Sardar R. (2012). Assessment of aflatoxin B1 in commercial poultry feed and feed ingredients. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 22: 268-272.]Search in Google Scholar
[Anonymous(2002). Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene. Summary of data reported and evaluation. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum., 82: 590.]Search in Google Scholar
[AOAC (2011). Official Methods of Analytical Chemists. 18th ed. Gaithersburg (MA): AOAC International.]Search in Google Scholar
[Arafat R.Y., Khan S.H., Abbas G., Iqbal J. (2015). Effect of dietary humic acid via drinking water on the performance and egg quality of commercial layers. Am. J. Biol. Life Sci., 3: 26-30.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bailey R.H., Kubena L.F., Harvey R.B., Buckley S.A., Rottinghaus G.E. (1998). Efficacy of various inorganic sorbents to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin and T-2 toxin in broiler chicks. Poultry Sci., 77: 1623-1630.]Search in Google Scholar
[Basmacioğlu H., Oğuz H., Ergul M., Col R., Birdane Y.O. (2005). Effect of dietary esterified glucomannan on performance, serum biochemistry and haematology in broilers exposed to aflatoxin. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 50: 31-39.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bertuzzi T., Gualla A., Morlacchini M., Pietri A. (2013). Direct and indirect contamination with ochratoxin Aof ripened pork products. Food Control., 34: 79-83.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bintvihok A., Kositcharoenkul S. (2006). Effect of dietary calcium propionate on performance, hepatic enzyme activities and aflatoxin residues in broilers fedadiet containing low levels of aflatoxin B1. Toxicon, 47: 41-46.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bintvihok A., Thiengnin S., Doi K., Kumagai S. (2002). Residues of aflatoxin in the liver, muscle and eggs of domestic fowls. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 64: 1037-1039.]Search in Google Scholar
[Coles E.H. (1974). Liver function. In: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, 2nd ed. pp. 202-215.]Search in Google Scholar
[Cozzi R., Nicolai M., Perticone P., De Salvia R., Spuntarelli F. (1993). Desmutagenic activity of natural humic acids: Inhibition of mitomycin Cand maleic hydrazide mutagenicity. Mutat. Res., 299: 37-44.]Search in Google Scholar
[Denli M., Blandon J.C., Guynot M.E., Salado S., Perez J.F. (2009). Effects of dietary Afla Detox on performance, serum biochemistry, histopathological changes, and aflatoxin residues in broilers exposed to aflatoxin B1. Poultry Sci., 88: 1444-1451.]Search in Google Scholar
[Dhanasekaran D., Annamalai P., Noorudin T. (2009). Evaluation of aflatoxicosis in hens fed with commercial poultry feed. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 33: 385-391.]Search in Google Scholar
[Edmonds M.S., Johal S., Moreland S. (2014). Effect of supplemental humic and butyric acid on performance and mortality in broilers raised under various environmental conditions. J. Appl. Poultry Res., 23: 260-267.]Search in Google Scholar
[Elfarissi F., Pefferkorn E. (2000). Kaolinite/humic acid interaction in the presence of aluminiumion. Colloid. Surface A, 168: 1-12.]Search in Google Scholar
[Fareed G., Khan S.H., Anjum M.A., Ahmed N. (2014). Determination of aflatoxin and ochratoxin in poultry feed ingredients and finished feed in humid semi-tropical environment. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 1: 201-207.]Search in Google Scholar
[FASS (2010). Guide for the care and use of agricultural animals in research and teaching. 3rd ed. Savoy, IL: FASS Publ.]Search in Google Scholar
[Fiske C.H., Subba Row Y. (1925). The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. J. Biol. Chem., 66: 375-400.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gabal M.A., Azzam A.H. (1998). Interaction of aflatoxin in the feed and immunization against selected infectious diseases in poultry. II. Effect on one-day-old layer chicks simultaneously vaccinated against Newcastle disease infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease. Avian Pathol., 27: 290-295.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ghosh R.C., Chauhan H.V.S. (1991). Suppression of cell-mediated immunity by purified aflatoxin B1 in broiler chicks. Vet. Immun. Immunopathol., 28: 165-172.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hasan G., Toloei T., Habibi M. (2010). Efficacy of esterified glucomannan, sodium bentonite and humic acid to counteract experimental aflatoxicosis on antibody titers against Newcastle disease in broilers. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 9: 4127-4131.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hegazy S.M., Azzam A., Gabal M.A. (1991). Interaction of naturally occurring aflatoxins in poultry feed and immunization against fowl cholera. Poultry Sci., 70: 2425-2428.]Search in Google Scholar
[Huff W.E., Kubena L.F., Harvey R.B., Phillips T.D. (1992). Efficacy of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to reduce the individual and combined toxicity of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A. Poultry Sci., 71: 64-69.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hussain Z., Muhammad Z.K., Ahrar K., Ijaz J., Muhammad K.S., Sultan M., Muhammad R.A. (2010). Residues of aflatoxin B1 in broiler meat: Effect of age and dietary aflatoxin B1 levels. Food Chem. Toxicol., 48: 3304-3307.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ibrahim I.K., Shareef A.M., Jubory K.M.T. (2000). Ameliorative effects of sodium bentonite on phagocytosis and Newcastle disease antibody formation in broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis. Res. Vet. Sci., 69: 119-122.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ipek H., Avci M., Iriadam M., Kaplan O., Denek N. (2008). Effects of humic acid on some hematological parameters, total antioxidant capacity and laying performance in Japanese quails. Arch. Geflugelkd., 72: S56-60.]Search in Google Scholar
[Karaoglu M., Macit M., Esenbuga N., Durbag H., Turgut L., Bilgin Ö.C. (2004). Effect of supplemental humate at different levels on the growth performance, slaughter and carcass traits of broilers. Int. J. Poultry Sci., 3: 406-410.]Search in Google Scholar
[Khan S.H., Shamsul H., Rozina S., Muhammad A.A. (2011). Occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in poultry feed and feed ingredients in Pakistan. Int. J. Agro Vet. Med. Sci., 5: 30-42.]Search in Google Scholar
[Klocking R. (1994). Humic substances as potential therapeutics. In: Humic substances in global environment: Implications for human health, Senesi T., Miano T.M. (eds). Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kocabağli N., Alp M., Acar N., Kahraman R. (2002). The effects of dietary humate supplementation on broiler growth and carcass yield. Poultry Sci., 81: 227-230.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kollist- Siigur K., Nielsen T., Grøn C., Hansen P.E., Helweg C., Jonassen K.E., Jørgensen O., Kirso U. (2001). Sorption of polycyclic aromatic compounds to humic and fulvic acid HPLCcolumn materials. J. Environ. Qual., 30: 526-537.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kubena L.F., Harvey R.B., Huff W.E., Corrier D.E., Phillips T.D., Rottinghaus G.E. (1990 a). Efficacy ofahydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin and T-2 toxin. Poultry Sci., 69: 1078-1086.10.3382/ps.06910782235827]Search in Google Scholar
[Kubena L.F., Harvey R.B., Phillips T.D., Corrier D.E., Huff W.E. (1990 b). Diminution of aflatoxicosis in growing chickens by dietary addition ofahydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate. Poultry Sci., 69: 727-735.10.3382/ps.06907271973286]Search in Google Scholar
[Madronová L., Kozler J., Cezíková J., Novák J., Janoš P. (2001). Humic acids from coal of the North-Bohemia coal field. III. Metal-binding properties of humic acids - measurements in a column arrangement. React. Func. Polym., 47: 119-123.]Search in Google Scholar
[MAFF (1984). Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. In: Manual of veterinary investigation techniques, Davies E.T., Benson J.A. (eds). Reference Book 390, 3rd ed. 2: 10-20.]Search in Google Scholar
[Magnoli A.P., Monge M.P., Miazzo R.D., Cavaglieri L.R., Magnoli C.E., Merkis C.I., Cristofolini A.L., Dalcero A.M., Chiacchiera S.M. (2011). Effect of low levels of aflatoxin B1 on performance, biochemical parameters, and aflatoxin B1 in broiler liver tissues in the presence of monensin and sodium bentonite. Poultry Sci., 90: 48-58.]Search in Google Scholar
[Miazzo R., Rosa C.A.R., Carvalho E.C.Q., Magnoli C., Chiacchilera S.M., Palacio G., Saenz M., Kikot A., Basaldella E., Dalcero A. (2000). Efficacy of synthetic zeolite to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin in broiler chicks. Poultry Sci., 79: 1-6.]Search in Google Scholar
[Mirnawati Y.R., Marida Y. (2013). Effects of humic acid addition via drinking water on the performance of broilers fed diets containing fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake. Arch. Zootech., 16: 41-53.]Search in Google Scholar
[Moura M.N., Martín M.J., Burguillo F.J. (2007). Acomparative study of the adsorption of humic acid, fulvic acid and phenol onto Bacillus subtilis and activated sludge. J. Hazard Mater., 149: 42-48.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nagaraju R., Reddy B.S.V., Gloridoss R., Suresh B.N., Ramesh C. (2014). Effect of dietary supplementation of humic acids on performance of broilers. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 84, 4.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nanny M.A., Maza J.P. (2001). Noncovalent interactions between monoaromatic compounds and dissolved humic acids: Adeuterium NMR T1 relaxation study. Environ. Sci Technol., 35: 379-384.]Search in Google Scholar
[National Research Council (NRC) (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.]Search in Google Scholar
[Neeley W.E., Classen K.O., Gruber M. (1985). Determination of serum aspartate aminotransferase with pyridoxal 5’-phosphate in the Technicon SMACand Du Pont aca compared and correlated with the IFCCrecommended method. Clin. Chem., 31: 139-142.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nègre M., Schulten H.R., Gennari M., Vindrola D. (2001). Interaction of imidazolinone herbicides with soil humic acids. Experimental results and molecular modeling. J. Environ. Sci. Health B., 36: 107-125.]Search in Google Scholar
[Oğuz H., Keçeci T., Birdane Y.O., Onder F., Kurtoğlu V. (2000). Effect of clinoptilolite on serum biochemical and haematological characters of broiler chickens during experimental aflatoxicosis. Res. Vet. Sci., 69: 89-93.]Search in Google Scholar
[Oğuz H., Hadimli H.H., Kurtoğlu V., Erganiş O. (2003). Evaluation of humoral immunity of broilers during chronic aflatoxin (50 and 100 ppb) and clinoptilolite exposure. Rev. Med. Vet., 7: 483-486.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ortatatli M., Ciftci K., Tuzcu M., Kaya A. (2002). The effects of aflatoxin on the reproductive system of roosters. Res. Vet. Sci., 72: 29-36.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ozturk E., Ocak N., Coskun I., Turhan S., Erener G. (2010). Effects of humic substances supplementation provided through drinking water on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broilers. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 94: 78-85.]Search in Google Scholar
[Puschner B. (2002). Mycotoxins. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract., 32: 409-419.]Search in Google Scholar
[Rath N.C., Huff W.E., Huff G.R. (2006). Effects of humic acid on broiler chickens. Poultry Sci., 85: 410-414.]Search in Google Scholar
[Scheideler S.E. (1993). Effects of various types of aluminosilicates and aflatoxin B1 on aflatoxin toxicity, chick performance, and mineral status. Poutry Sci., 72: 282-288.]Search in Google Scholar
[Schepetkin I.A., Khlebnikov A.I., Ah S.Y., Woo S.B., Jeong C.S., Klubachuk O.N., Kwon B.S. (2003). Characterization and biological activities of humic substances from mumie. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51: 5245-5254.]Search in Google Scholar
[Sørensen L.K., Elbaek T.H. (2005). Determination of mycotoxins in bovine milk by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 820:183-196.]Search in Google Scholar
[Steel R.G.D., Torrie J.H. (1984). Principles and procedures of statistics. International Student ed. Mc Graw-Hill, Tokyo, Japan.]Search in Google Scholar
[Sur E., Celik I. (2003). Effects of aflatoxin B1 on the development of the bursa of Fabricius and blood lymphocyte acid phosphatase of the chicken. Brit. Poultry Sci., 44: 558-566.]Search in Google Scholar
[Sur E., Celik I., Oznurlu Y., Aydin M.F., Oguz H., Kurtoglu V., Ozaydin T. (2011). Enzyme histochemical and serological investigations on the immune system from chickens treated in ovo with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Revue Méd. Vét., 162: 443-448.]Search in Google Scholar
[Taklimi S.M.S.M., Ghahri H., Isakan M.A. (2012). Influence of different levels of humic acid and esterified glucomannan on growth performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Agr. Sci., 3: 663-668.]Search in Google Scholar
[Tavčar - Kalcher G., Vrtač K., Pestevšek U., Vengust A. (2007). Validation of the procedure for the determination of aflatoxin B1 in animal liver using immunoaffinity columns and liquid chromatography with post-column derivatisation and fluorescence detection. Food Contr., 18:333-337.]Search in Google Scholar
[Thayer S.G., Beard C.W. (1998). Serological procedure. Alaboratory manual for the isolation and identification of avian pathogens. American Association of Avian Pathologist, Pennsylvania, 4th ed., pp. 255-258.]Search in Google Scholar
[Tung H.T., Wyatt R.D., Thaxton P., Hamilton P.B. (1975). Concentrations of serum proteins during aflatoxicosis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 34: 320-326.]Search in Google Scholar
[Van Rensburg C.J., Van Rensburg C.E.J., Van Ryssen J.B.J., Casey N.H., Rottinghaus G.E. (2006). In vitro and in vivo assessment of humic acid as an aflatoxin binder in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci., 85: 1576-1583.]Search in Google Scholar
[Webster D. (1974). Estimation of albumin in serum. Clin. Chem. Acta., 53: 109.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ye S-.Q., Lv X-.Z., Zhou A-.G. (2009). In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of sodium humate as an aflatoxin B1 adsorbent. Austr. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 3: 1296-1300.]Search in Google Scholar