<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p> The article summarizes data on the association of Klinefelter syndrome (KS) with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, that is rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), polymyositis/dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis (SSc), mixed connective tissue diseases (MCTD), Sjogren’s syndrome and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Recently, a higher risk for RA, SLE and Sjogren’s syndrome in patients with KS has been clearly demonstrated. However, the association of other autoimmune rheumatic disorders such as dermatomyositis/polymyositis, SSc, MCTD and APS is reported only casually. Based on the hormonal changes in KS, there are suggestions that low androgen and higher estrogen levels might be a predisposing factor for the development of autoimmune diseases, but evidence for the association is poor. Epidemiologic studies on larger cohorts of patients are required.</p></abstract>

The article summarizes data on the association of Klinefelter syndrome (KS) with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, that is rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), polymyositis/dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis (SSc), mixed connective tissue diseases (MCTD), Sjogren’s syndrome and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Recently, a higher risk for RA, SLE and Sjogren’s syndrome in patients with KS has been clearly demonstrated. However, the association of other autoimmune rheumatic disorders such as dermatomyositis/polymyositis, SSc, MCTD and APS is reported only casually. Based on the hormonal changes in KS, there are suggestions that low androgen and higher estrogen levels might be a predisposing factor for the development of autoimmune diseases, but evidence for the association is poor. Epidemiologic studies on larger cohorts of patients are required.

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases and Klinefelter syndrome Autoimunitné reumatické choroby a Klinefelterov syndróm

European Pharmaceutical Journal

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

The article summarizes data on the association of Klinefelter syndrome (KS) with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, that is rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic...

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases and Klinefelter syndrome Autoimunitné reumatické choroby a Klinefelterov syndróm

Article Category: Review

Published Online: Feb 07, 2017

Page range: 18 - 22

Received: Jun 22, 2016

Accepted: Jul 19, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2016-0017

Keywords
Klinefelter syndrome - rheumatoid arthritis - polymyositis/dermatomyositis - systemic lupus erythematosus - systemic sclerosis - antiphospholipid syndrome

© by J. Rovenský

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases and Klinefelter syndrome Autoimunitné reumatické choroby a Klinefelterov syndróm

Article Category: Review

Published Online: Feb 07, 2017

Page range: 18 - 22

Received: Jun 22, 2016

Accepted: Jul 19, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2016-0017

KeywordsKlinefelter syndrome - rheumatoid arthritis - polymyositis/dermatomyositis - systemic lupus erythematosus - systemic sclerosis - antiphospholipid syndrome

© by J. Rovenský

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Keywords
Klinefelter syndrome - rheumatoid arthritis - polymyositis/dermatomyositis - systemic lupus erythematosus - systemic sclerosis - antiphospholipid syndrome