Mycobacterium cell wall fraction immunostimulant (AMPLIMUNE™) efficacy in the reduction of the severity of ETEC induced diarrhea in neonatal calves

1. USDA. Part 1: Reference of Dairy Cattle health and Management Practices in the United States, October 2007 ed, 1-122. USDA-APHIS.Search in Google Scholar

2. Scott PR, Hall GA, Jones PW, Morgan JH. 2004. Calf diarrhoea., 185-214. In A.H. A (ed), Bovine Medicine Disease and Husbandry of Cattle, Second Edition ed. Blackwell Science.10.1002/9780470752401.ch14Search in Google Scholar

3. Cho Y, Yoon J., An overview of calf diarrhea - infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention. J Vet Sci 2014, 15:1-17.10.4142/jvs.2014.15.1.1Search in Google Scholar

4. Weaver DM, Tyler JW, VanMetre DC, Hostetler DE, Barrington GM, Passive Transfer of Colostral Immunoglobulins in Calves. J Vet Intern Med 2000, 14:569-577.10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02278.xSearch in Google Scholar

5. Larson RL, Tyler JW, Schultz LG, Tessman RK, Hostetler DE, Management strategies to decrease calf death losses in beef herds. JAVMA 2004, 224:34-99.10.2460/javma.2004.224.42Search in Google Scholar

6. Barrington GM, Gay JM, Evermann JF, 2002. Biosecurity for neonatal gastrointestinal diseases. The Veterinary Clinicls, Food Animal Practice 2002, 18:7-34.10.1016/S0749-0720(02)00005-1Search in Google Scholar

7. Acres SD, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infections in Newborn Calves: A Review. J Dairy Sci 1985, 68:229-256.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(85)80814-6Search in Google Scholar

8. Nagy B, Fekete PZ, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in veterinary medicine. Int J Med Microbiol 2005, 295:443-454.10.1016/j.ijmm.2005.07.003Search in Google Scholar

9. Forte LR, Thorne PK, Eber SL, Krause WJ, Freeman RH, Francis SH, Corbin JD, Stimulation of intestinal Cl-transport by heat-stable enterotoxin: activation of cAMPdependent protein kinase by cGMP. Am J Physiology 1992, 263:607-615.10.1152/ajpcell.1992.263.3.C607Search in Google Scholar

10. Garcia A, Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria JA, Orden JA, Cid D, Sanz R, Gomez-Bautista M, De La Fuente R, Rotavirus and concurrent infections with other enteropathogens in neonatal diarrheic calves in Spain. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2000, 23:175-183.10.1016/S0147-9571(99)00071-5Search in Google Scholar

11. Uhde FL, Kaufmann H, Sager H, Albini S, Zanoni R, Schelling E, Meylan M, Prevalence of four enteropathogens in the faeces of young diarrhoeic dairy calves in Switzerland. Vet Rec 2008, 163:362-366.10.1136/vr.163.12.36218806281Search in Google Scholar

12. Izzo MM, Kirkland PD, Mohler VL, Perkins NR, Gunn AA, House JK, Prevalence of major enteric pathogens in Australian dairy calves with diarrhoea. Aust Vet J 2011, 89:167-173.10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00692.xSearch in Google Scholar

13. Moon HW, Bunn TO, Vaccines for preventing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in farm animals. Vaccine 1993, 11:213-220.10.1016/0264-410X(93)90020-XSearch in Google Scholar

14. Baumann LE, Cattle Vaccines: Recommendations and Available Products 2004. Revision 2004):1-20.Search in Google Scholar

15. Kimura K, Goff JP, Canning P, Wang C, Roth JA, Effect of recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor covalently bound to polyethylene glycol injection on neutrophil number and function in periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014, 97:4842-4851.10.3168/jds.2013-7242Search in Google Scholar

16. LLC BAHC. 2015. Zelnate® DNA Immunostimulant: a new chapter in BRD management. Bayer HealthCare LLC, Animal Health, Shawnee Mission, Kansas 66201,Search in Google Scholar

17. D. Rogan EF, E. Rodríguez, J. Wade, S.F. Sánchez Bruni, Use of a Mycobacterial Cell Wall Extract (MCWE) in Susceptible Mares to Clear Experimentally Induced Endometritis With Streptococcus zooepidemicus. J Equine Vet Sci 2007, 27:112-117.10.1016/j.jevs.2007.01.010Search in Google Scholar

18. Filion MC, Phillips NC, Therapeutic potential of mycobacterial cell wall-DNA complexes. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2001, 10:2157-2165.10.1517/13543784.10.12.2157Search in Google Scholar

19. McNamara BP, Koutsouris A, O’Connell CB, Nougayréde JP, Donnenberg MS, Hecht G, Molecular Dissection of the mechanisms through which enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Gastroenterology 2001, 121:496-497.10.1016/S0016-5085(01)70115-1Search in Google Scholar

20. Gyles CL, Fairbrother JM, Escherichia coli, 193-223. In al GCe (ed), Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals, Third Edition ed. Blackwell, Ames, Iowa 2004.10.1002/9780470344903.ch16Search in Google Scholar

21. De la Fuente R, Garcia JA, Ruiz-Santa-Quiteira JA, Luzon M, Cid D, Garcia S, Orden JA, Gomez-Bautista M, Proportional morbidity rates of enteropathogens among diarrheic dairy calves in central Spain. Prev Vet Med 1998, 36(2):145-52.10.1016/S0167-5877(98)00077-4Search in Google Scholar

22. Waltner-Toews D, Martin SW, Meek AH, An epidemiological study of selected calf pathogens on Holstein dairy farms in south-western Ontario. Can J Vet Res 1986, 50:307-313.Search in Google Scholar

23. Foster D M, Smith GW, Pathophysiology of Diarrhea in Calves. Vet Clin Food Anim 2009, 25:13-36.10.1016/j.cvfa.2008.10.013Search in Google Scholar

24. Le Garrec Y, Immunomodifiers of bacteria. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1986, 9:137-141.10.1016/0147-9571(86)90005-6Search in Google Scholar

25. O’Reilly T, Zak O, Enhancement of the Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Therapy by Muramyl Peptide Immunomodulators. Clin Infect Dis 1992, 14:1100-1109.10.1093/clinids/14.5.1100Search in Google Scholar

26. Darcissac EC, Bahr GM, Parant MA, Chedid LA, Riveau GJ, Selective induction of CD11a,b,c/CD18 and CD54 expression at the cell surface of human leukocytes by muramyl peptides. Cell Immunol 1996, 169.10.1006/cimm.1996.0121Search in Google Scholar

27. Heinzelmann M, Polk HCJ, Chernobelsky A, Stites TP, Gordon LE, Endotoxin and muramyl dipeptide modulate surface receptor expression on human mononuclear cells. Immunopathology 2000, 48:117-128.10.1016/S0162-3109(00)00195-8Search in Google Scholar

28. Saiki I, Fidler IJ, Synergistic activation by recombinant mouse interferon-gamma and muramyl dipeptide of tumoricidal properties in mouse macrophages. J Immunol 1985, 135:684-688.10.4049/jimmunol.135.1.684Search in Google Scholar

29. Souvannavong V, Brown S, Adam A, Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) synergizes with interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 to stimulate, respectively, the differentiation and proliferation of B cells. Cell Immunol 1990, 126:106-116.10.1016/0008-8749(90)90304-ASearch in Google Scholar

30. Traub S, von Aulock S, Hartung T, Hermann C, MDP and other muropeptides - direct and synergistic effects on the immune system. J Endotoxin Res 2006, 12:69-85.10.1179/096805106X89044Search in Google Scholar

31. Azuma I, Synthetic immunoadjuvants: application to non-specific host stimulation and potentiation of vaccine immunogenicity. Vaccine 1992, 10:1000-1006.10.1016/0264-410X(92)90108-VSearch in Google Scholar

32. Madonna GS, Ledney GD, Elliott TB, Brook I, Ulrich JT, Meyers KR, Patchen ML, Walker RI, Trehalose dimycolate enhances resistance to infection in neutropenic animals. Infect Immun 1989, 57:2495–2501.10.1128/iai.57.8.2495-2501.19893134762663726Search in Google Scholar

33. Nishizawa M, Yamamoto H, Imagawa H, Barbier-Chassefiere V, Petit E, Azuma I, Papy-Garcia D, Efficient syntheses of a series of trehalose dimycolate (TDM)/trehalose dicorynomycolate (TDCM) analogues and their interleukin-6 level enhancement activity in mice sera. J Organic Chemistry 2007, 72:1627-1633.10.1021/jo062018j17286434Search in Google Scholar

34. Griebel P, Evaluation of the ability of Mycobacterium cell wall fraction (MCW) immunostimulant to alter blood leukocyte populations in newborn calves. Vaccine and Infectious Disease organizaton (VIDO) 1999, Inc N, NovaViveInc webpage.Search in Google Scholar