<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec id="j_abm-2019-0027_s_006_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa"><h3>Background</h3><p>To avoid possible failures and ineffective use of economic resources, necessary infrastructure must be provided before implementing new technologies in a developing country like Iran.</p></sec><sec id="j_abm-2019-0027_s_007_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa"><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To assess the degree of readiness for implementing a radio frequency identification device (RFID) system in hospitals in Iran.</p></sec><sec id="j_abm-2019-0027_s_008_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa"><h3>Methods</h3><p>We adopted a descriptive design and structural equation modeling (LISREL statistical software package) to analyze data collected from the hospitals affiliated with the Semnan University of Medical Sciences. All managers, physicians, residents, nurses, and staff members of the medical records and information technology sectors participated in this study. A questionnaire was designed by the investigators to collect ideas from the participants about organizational readiness, cultural readiness, and human resource readiness in implementing RFID.</p></sec><sec id="j_abm-2019-0027_s_009_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1aab1c16b4Aa"><h3>Results</h3><p>We found a significant positive correlation between the variables studied. Human resource readiness significantly predicted RFID implementation, with cultural readiness playing the role of a mediator variable. Cultural readiness itself was influenced by organizational readiness (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.01). We found 0.346 (standard deviation: 0.374) changes in an arbitrary unit of the possibility of RFID implementation was attributed to human resources and cultural readiness.</p></sec><sec id="j_abm-2019-0027_s_010_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1aab1c16b5Aa"><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Paying attention to cultural factors, which play an important role in implementing technological projects such as RFID in developing countries like Iran, can reduce the risk of failure. Hospitals should strengthen organizational factors and improve the support of top rank managers when implementing technological projects. By so doing, they will promote cultural readiness, prepare human resources, and win the cooperation of personnel for such projects.</p></sec></abstract>

BackgroundTo avoid possible failures and ineffective use of economic resources, necessary infrastructure must be provided before implementing new technologies in a developing country like Iran.ObjectivesTo assess the degree of readiness for implementing a radio frequency identification device (RFID) system in hospitals in Iran.MethodsWe adopted a descriptive design and structural equation modeling (LISREL statistical software package) to analyze data collected from the hospitals affiliated with the Semnan University of Medical Sciences. All managers, physicians, residents, nurses, and staff members of the medical records and information technology sectors participated in this study. A questionnaire was designed by the investigators to collect ideas from the participants about organizational readiness, cultural readiness, and human resource readiness in implementing RFID.ResultsWe found a significant positive correlation between the variables studied. Human resource readiness significantly predicted RFID implementation, with cultural readiness playing the role of a mediator variable. Cultural readiness itself was influenced by organizational readiness (P < 0.01). We found 0.346 (standard deviation: 0.374) changes in an arbitrary unit of the possibility of RFID implementation was attributed to human resources and cultural readiness.ConclusionsPaying attention to cultural factors, which play an important role in implementing technological projects such as RFID in developing countries like Iran, can reduce the risk of failure. Hospitals should strengthen organizational factors and improve the support of top rank managers when implementing technological projects. By so doing, they will promote cultural readiness, prepare human resources, and win the cooperation of personnel for such projects.

Assessing hospital readiness for radio frequency identification device implementation in Iran: a conceptual model

Asian Biomedicine

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

BackgroundTo avoid possible failures and ineffective use of economic resources, necessary infrastructure must be provided before implementing new technologies...

Variable	Mean	Variance	Std. Deviation	Skewness	Kurtosis
Human readiness	25.10	12.93	3.59	–0.090	0.863
Cultural readiness	27.95	19.49	4.41	–0.447	0.574
Organizational readiness	36.84	50.73	7.12	–0.515	1.05

Variable	Mean	Kolmogorov–Smirnov Z	Asymptotic significance (2-tailed)
Human readiness	25.10	1.37	0.046
Cultural readiness	27.95	1.15	0.141
Organizational readiness	36.84	1.21	0.107

Paths	Nonstandard effect		Standard effect	Total and nonstandard effect		Total standard effect

	Effect size	t	Effect size	Effect size	t	Effect size
Organizational readiness to cultural readiness (g)	0.576	11.18	0576	–	–	–
Organizational readiness to human resource readiness (g)	–0.011	–0.220	–0.013	0.346	8.06	0.374
Cultural readiness to human resource readiness (b)	0.601	11.65	0.671	–	–	–

Characteristic		n (%)
Sex	Male	43 (17.6)
	Female	202 (82.4)
Age (years)	<25	34 (13.9)
	25–35	119 (48.6)
	36–45	62 (25.3)
	>45	30 (12.2)
Experience (years)	<5	75 (30.7)
	5–10	76 (31.0)
	11–15	39 (16.0)
	16–20	23 (9.4)
	21–25	20 (48.2)
	26–30	12 (4.9)
Position	Manager	2 (0.8)
	Specialist physician	12 (4.9)
	General physician	6 (2.4)
	Resident	10 (4.1)
	Supervisor	8 (3.3)
	Nurse	190 (77.6)
	Information technology	4 (1.6)
	Medical records	13 (5.3)
Education	Diploma	6 (2.5)
	Associate	4 (1.6)
	Bachelor	4 (1.6)
	Masters	191 (77.9)
	MD	8 (3.3)
	Specialist	18 (7.4)

Variable	Human readiness	Cultural readiness	Organizational readiness
Human readiness	1
Cultural readiness	0.664**	1
Organizational readiness	0.374**	0.576**	1

Assessing hospital readiness for radio frequency identification device implementation in Iran: a conceptual model

Article Category: Original article

Published Online: Oct 24, 2019

Page range: 245 - 254

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/abm-2019-0027

Keywords
health plan implementation, latent class analysis, radio frequency identification device, set (psychology)

© 2018 Malihe Sadeghi et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

Descriptive statistics for the 3 research variables

Kolmogorov–Smirnov test to assess the normality of distribution

Direct, indirect, and total estimates of research variables

Demographics characteristics in hospitals affiliated to Semnan University of Medical Sciences

Pearson correlation between research variables

Alpha parameters and the predictive coefficient of human resource readiness based on cultural and organizational readiness and the predictive coefficient of cultural readiness based on organizational readiness

Variable	Constant	T	R² for structural equations	R² for reduced form
Cultural readiness	6.73	3.52	0.332	–
Human readiness	8.71	5.43	0.441	0.140

Assessing hospital readiness for radio frequency identification device implementation in Iran: a conceptual model

Article Category: Original article

Published Online: Oct 24, 2019

Page range: 245 - 254

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/abm-2019-0027

Keywordshealth plan implementation, latent class analysis, radio frequency identification device, set (psychology)

© 2018 Malihe Sadeghi et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

Descriptive statistics for the 3 research variables

Kolmogorov–Smirnov test to assess the normality of distribution

Direct, indirect, and total estimates of research variables

Demographics characteristics in hospitals affiliated to Semnan University of Medical Sciences

Pearson correlation between research variables

Alpha parameters and the predictive coefficient of human resource readiness based on cultural and organizational readiness and the predictive coefficient of cultural readiness based on organizational readiness

Keywords
health plan implementation, latent class analysis, radio frequency identification device, set (psychology)