Impact of self-directed learning readiness and learning attitude on problem-solving ability among Chinese undergraduate nursing students

General characteristics	N (%)
Gender
Male	50 (11.7%)
Female	379 (88.3%)
Grade
Freshman	105 (24.5%)
Sophomore	105 (24.5%)
Junior	132 (30.8%)
Senior	87 (20.3%)
Have experience of caring
Yes	245 (57.1%)
No	184 (42.9%)
Main living location
City	103 (24.0%)
Town	118 (27.5%)
Village	208 (48.5%)
Ideal profession
Nursing	207 (48.3%)
Non-nursing	222 (51.7%)
Attitude toward nursing specialty
Like better	222 (51.5%)
Neutral	185 (43.1%)
Dislike	23 (5.4%)

Variables	Mean (SD)	Item mean (SD)	Rank
Self-management	44.79 (8.56)	3.45 (0.50)	3
Desire for learning	47.38 (5.41)	3.95 (0.45)	1
Self-control	57.81 (6.32)	3.85 (0.42)	2
Self-directed learning readiness	149.98 (15.73)	3.75 (0.39)	-
Learning interest	16.73 (4.44)	2.79 (0.74)	4
Learning experience	21.91 (4.36)	3.65 (0.73)	1
Learning habit	20.76 (4.88)	2.97 (0.70)	3
Professional skill	14.59 (2.82)	3.65 (0.70)	2
Learning attitude	73.99 (11.92)	3.22 (0.52)	-
Positive problem orientation	18.25 (2.79)	3.65 (0.56)	1
Rational problem-solving	17.35 (2.83)	3.47 (0.57)	3
Negative problem orientation	15.11 (3.48)	3.02 (0.70)	5
Impulsivity/carelessness style	12.92 (2.68)	3.23 (0.67)	4
Avoidance style	21.52 (4.18)	3.59 (0.70)	2

Dependent variable	Independent variable	B	β	t	F	R²
Problem-solving ability	Self-directed learning readiness	0.316	0.493	11.720^a	137.366^a	0.242
Attitude toward learning	Self-directed learning readiness	0.353	0.466	10.891^a	118.616^a	0.216
Problem-solving ability	Self-directed learning readiness	0.275	0.429	9.091^a	74.227^a	0.255
	Attitude toward learning	0.117	0.139	2.938^a	–	–

Items	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
1 Self-management	1
2 Desire for learning	0.537^a	1
3 Self-control	0.616^a	0.673^a	1
4 Self-directed learning readiness	0.849^a	0.838^a	0.890^a	1
5 Learning interest	0.213^a	0.127^a	0.144^a	0.190^a	1
6 Learning experience	0.256^a	0.414^a	0.318^a	0.377^a	0.526^a	1
7 Learning habit	0.510^a	0.348^a	0.410^a	0.497^a	0.462^a	0.505^a	1
8 Professional skill	0.196^a	0.256^a	0.148^a	0.229^a	-0.004	0.263^a	0.126^a	1
9 Attitude toward learning	0.428^a	0.402a	0.373^a	0.466^a	0.753^a	0.830^a	0.795^a	0.382^a	1
10 Positive problem orientation	0.365^a	0.502a	0.528^a	0.537^a	0.130^a	0.325^a	0.291 ^a	0.199^a	0.333^a	1
11 Rational problem-solving	0.285^a	0.393a	0.413^a	0.420^a	0.155^a	0.333^a	0.295a	0.145^a	0.334^a	0.577a	1
12 Negative problem orientation	0.210^a	0.163a	0.219^a	0.232^a	-0.051	0.040	0.120^a	0.207^a	0.094	0.118a	-0.037	1
13 Impuisivity/carelessness style	0.000	0.063	-0.024	0.012	-0.066	0.080	-0.062	0.320^a	0.055	0.010	0.270^a	0.270^a	1
14 Avoidance style	0.294^a	0.313a	0.287^a	0.346^a	0.003	0.256^a	0.146^a	0.422^a	0.254^a	0.266a	0.532^a	0.532^a	0.379a	1
15 Problem-solving ability	0.376^a	0.452a	0.451 ^a	0.493^a	0.046	0.325^a	0.249^a	0.427^a	0.338^a	0.592a	0.660^a	0.660^a	0.520^a	0.808^a	1