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Carotid artery stiffness, digital endothelial function, and coronary calcium in patients with essential thrombocytosis, free of overt atherosclerotic disease

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Irena Preloznik Zupan

Irena Preloznik Zupan

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| Jan 14, 2017

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Radiology and Oncology

Volume 51 (2017): Issue 2 (June 2017)

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Article Category: Research Articles

Published Online: Jan 14, 2017

Page range: 203 - 210

Received: Sep 21, 2016

Accepted: Dec 17, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/raon-2017-0006

© 2017 Matjaz Vrtovec, Ajda Anzic, Irena Preloznik Zupan, Katja Zaletel, Ales Blinc

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Recruitment of essential thrombocytosis (ET) and control subjects for the cross-sectional study of endothelial function and preclinical atherosclerosis.

Correlation of the Framingham coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and coronary calcification (Agatston score). While a significant Pearson correlation between the Framingham CHD risk and the Agatston score was found for control subjects (r = 0.577, p < 0.001), no significant correlation was found for the patients with essential thrombocytosis (ET).

Coronary calcium burden. Median and interquartile range are given for the Agatston score of coronary calcification, and the number of subjects with an Agatston score of > 160 is given. The comparison between groups were tested by χ-square1- or Mann-Whitney test2

Coronary calcuim burden	ET patients (n= 40)	Control group (n= 42)	Comparison between groups (p)
²Agatston score	0.1 (0-16.85)	0 (0-8.55)	0.26
¹Agatston score > 160 (yes/no)	6/34	0/42	<0.01

Endothelial function of the digital arteries - reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and estimate of vascular stiffness - augmentation index (AI). Means and standard deviations are given for the normally distributed RHI, medians and interquartile range are given for non-normally distributed AI. Comparisons between groups were tested by the Student’s t-test1, or the Mann-Whitney test2

	ET patients (n= 40)	Control group (n= 42)	Comparison between groups (p)
¹RHI	2.10 (0.57)	2.35 (0.62)	0.07
²AI [%]	19 (3-30)	13 (5-22)	0.38

Blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP). Mixed cells denote a composite reading for monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. When CRP was reported as < 5 mg/L, a value of 2.5 mg/L was ascribed to the subject, therefore the CRP values are only an approximation. Mean and standard deviation are shown for normally distributed data; median and interquartile range are given for non-normally distributed data. The comparisons between groups were tested by Student’s t-test1, or by Mann-Whitney test2

Variable	ET patients (n= 40)	Control group (n= 42)	Comparison between groups (p)
¹Red blood cells [10^12/L]	4.37 (0.67)	4.76 (0.41)	<0.01
¹ Platelets [10^9/L]	509 (182)	243 (53)	<0.001
¹Leukocytes [10^9/L]	7.60 (3.00)	7.02 (1.63)	0.28
¹Lymphocytes [10^9/L]	1.67 (0.80)	2.23 (0.75)	<0.01
¹ Neutrophils [10^9/L]	5.15 (2.48)	4.15 (1.20)	0.02
²Mixed cells [10^9/L]	0.6 (0.4-0.9)	0.6 (0.5-0.7)	0.76
²CRP [mg/L]	5.0 (2.5-8.4)	5.4 (2.5-6.1)	0.27

Asymptomatic carotid plaques, carotid β-stiffness index and estimated pulse wave velocity. Mean and standard deviation are given for normally distributed continuous data, median and interquartile range are given for non-normally distributed continuous data and the number of subjects with a carotid plaque score of ≥2 is given. Comparisons between groups were tested by: χ-square1, Student’s t-test2, or the Mann-Whitney test3

	ET patients (n= 40)	Control group (n= 42)	Comparison between groups (p)
³ Carotid plaque score	1 (0-1.25)	0 (0-2)	0.30
¹ Carotid plaque score ≥2 (yes/no)	10/30	14/28	0.41
²β-stiffness index	7.75 (2.34)	8.44 (2.81)	0.23
²pulse wave velocity (m/s)	6.21 (1.00)	6.45 (1.04)	0.46

Cardiovascular 10-year risk estimation by the Framingham risk equations. Median and interquartile range are shown. Comparisons between groups were tested by the Mann-Whitney test

Framingham 10-year risk calculation (%)	ET patients(n= 40)	Control group (n= 42)	Comparison between groups (p)
CHD	7.80 (3.98-13.73)	7.20 (3.57-11.37)	0.52
MI	2.87 (1.25-6.72)	2.17 (0.77-4.73)	0.47
Stroke	2.93 (1.19-5.37)	2.59 (1.49-4.09)	0.73
CVD	14.56 (7.16 – 23.68)	12.99 (6.43-19.52)	0.84

Baseline characteristics. Numbers of subjects are given for discrete data. Mean and standard deviation are shown for normally distributed continuous data; median and interquartile range are given for non-normally distributed continuous data. Comparisons between groups were tested by χ-square1, Student’s t-test2, or Mann-Whitney test3

Variable	ET patients (n= 40)	Control group (n= 42)	Comparison between groups (p)
² Age (years)	57.1 (14.1)	58.2 (13.1)	0.71
¹ Sex (M/F)	14/26	16/26	0.77
² BMI (kg/m2)	25.4 (3.5)	27.0 (4.5)	0.07
² Waist circumference (cm)
M	95.4 (10.4)	101.1(10.2)	0.14
F	89.7 (8.8)	89.4 (13.6)	0.92
³ Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	139 (129-148)	136 (130-143)	0.33
³ Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	80 (73-89)	80 (74-87)	0.92
²Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	5.01 (1.07)	5.23 (0.83)	0.30
²LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	2.73 (0.77)	2.86 (0.69)	0.42
²HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.44 (0.48)	1.63 (0.48)	0.07
²Triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.82 (0.79)	1.65 (0.82)	0.33
¹ Current smoking (yes/no)	5/35	3/39	0.41
¹ Ever smoking (yes/no)	16/24	11/31	0.12
¹Diabetes (yes/no)	3/37	0/42	0.07
³Serum glucose (mmol/l)	5.4 (4.7-6.1)	5.1 (4.8-5.6)	0.64
Kidney disease (yes/no)	0/40	0/42	-
²Serum creatinine (μmol/l)	75.7 (15.0)	75.7 (14.1)	0.99
Family history of premature CVD (yes/no)	0/40	0/42	-
¹Family history of CVD (yes/no)	16/24	16/26	0.86

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