Cite

Afton A. D., Paulus S. L. (1992): Incubation and brood care. In: BATT B. D. J., AFTON A. D., ANDERSON M. G., ANKNEY C. D., JOHNSON D. H., KADLEC J. A., KRAPU G. L., eds. Ecology and management of breeding waterfowl. UMP. 30-61.Search in Google Scholar

Alonso-alvarez C., Velando A., Ferrer M., VEIRA J. A. (2002): Changes in plasma biochemistry and body mass during incubation in the yellowlegged gull. – Waterbirds. 25: 253–258.10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0253:CIPBAB]2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Alrich T. E., Raveling D. G. (1983). Effects of experience and body weight on incubation behavior of Canada Geese. – Auk 100: 670–679.Search in Google Scholar

Baldassarre G. A. (2014): Ducks, Geese and Swans of North America. – Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.10.56021/9781421407517Search in Google Scholar

Blumpton A. K., Owen R. B., Krohn W. B. (1988): Habitat suitability index models: American Eider (breeding). – U.S. Fish. Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82 (10.149).Search in Google Scholar

Bolduc F., Guillemette M. (2003): Incubation constancy and mass loss in the Common eider Somateria mollissima. – Ibis. 145: 329–332.10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00143.xSearch in Google Scholar

Bottitta G. E., Noel E., Gilchrist H. G. (2003): Effects of experimental manipulation of incubation length on behaviour and body mass of Common eiders in the Canadian arctic. – Waterbirds. 26: 100–107.10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0100:EOEMOI]2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Bregnballe T. (2002): Clutch size in six Danish sommon eider (Somateria mollissima) colonies: Variation in Egg Production. – Dan. Rev. Game Biol. 16: 7-14.Search in Google Scholar

Choate J. S. (1966): The breeding biology of the American Eider in Penobscot Bay, Maine. – M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Maine, Orono. 173 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Criscuolo F., Gabrielsen G. W., Gender J. P., Maho Y. L. (2002): Body mass regulation during incubation in female common eiders Somateria mollissima. – J. Avian Biol 33: 83–88.10.1034/j.1600-048X.2002.330113.xSearch in Google Scholar

Criscuolo F., Gauthier-clerc M., Gabrielsen G. W., Maho Y. L. (2000): Recess behavior of the incubating Common Eider Somateria mollissima. – Polar Biol 23: 571–574.10.1007/s003000000123Search in Google Scholar

Clark S. H. (1968): The breeding ecology and experimental management of the American Eider in Penobscot Bay, Maine. – M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Maine, Orono. 169 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Ekroos J., Fox A. D., Christensen T. K, Petersen I. K., Kilpi M., Jonsson J. E., Green M.M, Laursen K., Cervencl A., DE boer P., Nilsson L., Meissner W., Garthe S., Öst M. (2012): Declines amongst breeding eider Somateria mollissima numbers in the Baltic/Wadden Sea Flyway. – Ornis Fenn 89: 81–90.Search in Google Scholar

Erikstad K. E., Tveraa T. (1995): Does the cost of incubation set limits to clutch size in Common Eiders Somateria mollissima? – Oecologia 103: 270–274.10.1007/BF00328614Search in Google Scholar

Franzmann N. E. (1980): Ederfuglens (Somateria mollissima) ynglebiologi og populationsdynamik på Christiansø 1973–1977. – PhD dissertation, University of Copenhagen. (In Danish).Search in Google Scholar

Gabrielsen G. W., Mehlum F., Karlsen H. K., Andersen O., Parker H. (1991): Energy cost during incubation and thermoregulation in the female Common Eider. (Somateria mollissima). – Norsk Polarinst. Skr. 195: 51–62.Search in Google Scholar

Garbus S. E. (2016): Health, behaviour, egg failure and starvation-mortality of incubating common eiders Somateria mollissima) at Christiansø, Central Baltic Sea, 2015. – MSc thesis, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. 73 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Garbus, S.E., Lyngs, P., Christensen, J.P., Buchmann, K., Eulaers, I., Mosbech, A., Dietz, R., Gilchrist, H.G., Sonne, C. (2018): Common eider (somateria mollissima) body condition and parasitic load during a mortality event in the Baltic proper. Avian Biol Res 11:167-172.10.3184/175815618X15263798903780Search in Google Scholar

Garbus, S.E., Lyngs, P., Christensen, J.P., Sonne, C. (In press): Candling and field atlas of early egg development in common eiders (Somateria molissima). Acrocephalus 39 (178/179): 85–90.10.1515/acro-2018-0007Search in Google Scholar

Goudie, R. I., Robertson, G. J., A. Reed. (2000): Common Eider (Somateria mollissima). In The Birds of North America, No. 546 (A. POOLE, F. GILL eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc, Philadelphia, PA.10.2173/bna.546Search in Google Scholar

Guillemette, M. (1998): The effect of time and digestion constraints in Common Eiders while feeding and diving over Blue Mussel beds. Funct. Ecol. 12: 123–131.Search in Google Scholar

Hanssen, S.A., Folstad, I., Erikstad, K.E. (2003). Reduced immunocompetence and cost of reproduction in common Eiders. Oecologia. 136: 457-464.Search in Google Scholar

Hario, M., Selin, K. (1987): The variation in clutch size and egg volume in different age classes of the Common Eider. Suomen Riista. 34: 59-65. (English summary).Search in Google Scholar

Hario, M., Hollmén, E.T. (2004): The role of male mate-guarding in pre-laying Common Eiders Somateria m. mollissima in the northern Baltic Sea. Ornis Fennica. 81: 119–127.Search in Google Scholar

Hario, M., Öst, M. (2002): Does heavy investment in foraging implicate low food acquisition for female Common Eiders Somateria mollissima? Ornis Fenn. 79: 111–120.Search in Google Scholar

Harðardóttir, M., Guðmundsson, J., Petersen, Æ. (1997): þyngdartap aeðarkolla Somateria mollissima á álegutíma. Bliki. 18: 59–64. (In Icelandic).Search in Google Scholar

Hilgerloh, G. (1999): Year to year changes in the share of cockles (Cerastoderme edule) and the blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) in the food of eiders (Somateria mollissima) on six East Frisian Islands. Senck. Marit. 29: 71-73.Search in Google Scholar

Hollmén, T., Franson, J.C., Hario, M., Sankari, S., Kilpi, M., Lindström, K. (2001): Use of Serum Biochemistry to Evaluate Nutritional Status and Health of Incubating Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) in Finland. Physiol Biochem Zool. 74: 333-342.10.1086/320421Search in Google Scholar

John, U., Tillmann, U., Medlin, L.K. (2002): A comparative approach to study inhibition of grazing and lipid composition of a toxic, non-toxic clone of Chrysochromulina polylepsis (Prymnesiophyceae). Harmful Algae. 1: 45-5710.1016/S1568-9883(02)00005-7Search in Google Scholar

Korschgen, C. E. (1976): Breeding stress of female eiders. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Maine, Orono. 110 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Laursen, K., Møller, A.P., Haugaard, L., Öst, M., Vainio, J. (2019): Allocation of body reserves during winter in eider Somateria mollissima as preparation for spring migration and reproduction. J Sea Res. 144: 49-56.10.1016/j.seares.2018.11.005Search in Google Scholar

Laursen, K., Møller, A.P., Öst, M. (2018). Body condition of Eiders at Danish wintering grounds and at pre-breeding grounds in Åland. J Ornithol. 160: 239-248.Search in Google Scholar

Larsson, K., Hajdu, S., Kilpi, M., Larsson, R., Leito, A., Lyngs, P. (2014): Effects of an extensive Prymnesium polylepsis bloom on breeding eiders in the Baltic Sea. J. Sea. 88: 21-28Search in Google Scholar

Laurila, T., Hario, M. (1988): Environmental and genetic factors influencing clutch size, egg volume, date of laying and female weight in the common eider Somateria mollissima. FGFRI. 45: 19–30.Search in Google Scholar

Lyngs, P. (1992): Ynglefuglene på Græsholm 1925–90. Dansk Orn. Foren. Tidsskr. 94: 12–18 (In Danish with an English summary).Search in Google Scholar

Lyngs, P. (2007): Christiansø Fieldstation http://chnf.dk/aktuelt/edfugl07/edfugls07_2sp.php (accessed November 2015, in Danish).Search in Google Scholar

Lyngs, P. (2014): Christiansø Fieldstation http://www.chnf.dk/aktuelt/edf14/edfugl14.php (accessed November 2015, in Danish).Search in Google Scholar

Madsen, F.J. (1954): On the food habits of the diving ducks in Denmark. Dan. Rev. Game Biol. 2: 157-266.Search in Google Scholar

Mallory, M. L., Braune, B. M., Wayland, M., Gilchrist, H. G., Dickson, D. L. (2004): Contaminants in common eiders (Somateria mollissima) of the Canadian Arctic Environ Rev. 12: 197-218.Search in Google Scholar

Mcarthur, P. D., Gorman, M. L. (1978): The salt gland of the incubating Eider duck Somateria mollissima: the effects of natural salt deprivation. J. Zoo. 184: 83-90.10.1111/j.1469-7998.1978.tb03267.xSearch in Google Scholar

Milne, H. (1974): Breeding numbers and reproductive rate of eiders in the sands of Forvie National Nature Reserve, Scotland. IBIS. 116: 135-152.10.1111/j.1474-919X.1974.tb00233.xSearch in Google Scholar

Milne, H. (1976): Body weights and carcass composition of the Common Eider. Wildfowl. 27: 115-122.Search in Google Scholar

Nehls, G. (2002): Do common eiders Somateria mollissima exhaust their food resources? A study on natural mussel Mytilus edulis beds in the Wadden Sea. Dan. Rev. Game Biol. 16: 47-62.Search in Google Scholar

Nielsen, T.G., Kiørboe, T., Bjørnsen, P.K. (1990): Effects of a Chrysochromulina polylepis subsurface bloom on the planktonic community. Ear. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 62: 21-35.Search in Google Scholar

Öst, M., Ydenberg, R., Lindström, K., Kilpi, M. (2003): Body condition and the grouping behavior of brood-caring female common eiders (Somateria mollissima). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 54:451457.10.1007/s00265-003-0641-0Search in Google Scholar

Parker, H., Holm, H. (1990): Patterns of nutrient and energy expenditure in female Common Eider nesting in the high arctic. Auk. 107: 660–665.10.2307/4087996Search in Google Scholar

R Core Team. (2015): R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.Rproject.org/.Search in Google Scholar

Schmidt, L.E., Hansen, P.J. (2001): Allelopathy in the prymnesiophyte Chrysochromulina polylepis: effect of cell concentration, growth phase and pH. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 216: 67-81.Search in Google Scholar

Skov, H., Heinanen, S., Žydelis, R., Bellebaum, J., Bzoma, S., Dagys, M., Durinck, J., Garthe, S., Grishanov, G., Hario, M., Kieckbusch, J.J., Kube, J., Kuresoo, A., Larsson, K., Luigujoe, L., Meissner, W., Nehls, H.W., Nilsson, L., Petersen, I.K., Roos, M.M., Pihl, S., Sonntag, N., Stock, A., Stipniece, A., Wahl, J. (2011): Waterbird populations and pressures in the Baltic Sea. TemaNord 2011: 550.Search in Google Scholar

Swennen, C. (1976): Populatie-structure en voedsel van de Eidereend Somateria m. mollissima in de Nederlandse Waddenzee. Ardea 64: 311-371. (In Dutch)Search in Google Scholar

Swennen, C., Ursem, J.C.H., Duiven, P. (1993): Determinate laying and egg attendance in common Eiders. Ornis Scand. 24: 48-52.10.2307/3676409Search in Google Scholar

Underdahl, B., Skulberg, O.M., Dahl, E., Aune, T. (1989): Disastrous bloom of Chrysochromulina polylepsis (Prymnesiophycceae) in Norwegian coastal waters 1988 – mortality in marine biota. Ambio. 18: 265-270.Search in Google Scholar

Wakeley, J. S., Mendall, H. L. (1976): Migrational homing and survival of adult female eiders nesting in Maine. J. Wildl. Manage. 40: 15-21.Search in Google Scholar

Wilcox, F.H., Cloud, W.S. (1965): Alkaline phosphatase in the reproductive system of the hen. J Reprod Fertil. 10: 321-328.10.1530/jrf.0.01003215892351Search in Google Scholar

Yerkes, T. (1998): The influence of female age, body mass, and ambient conditions on Redhead incubation constancy. Condor. 100: 62-68.10.2307/1369897Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
0351-2851
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Zoology, Ecology, other