<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In recent years, there was an increase in economic concepts which defined various concepts for the European Union to leave the economic depression behind. The idea of circular economy boomed into the sight of European Union policy makers in the beginning of 2015. The notion introduced a holistic system planning approach for EU development initiatives. This paper introduces the essential background for the interpretation of circular economy and presents the main priorities throughout its implementation. The size of the European Community leaves many opportunities for the reconsideration of circular processes. The study focuses on circular applications in Hungary which substantially differ from the Western-European practice. The different wage and development levels of the member states in some cases might appear as a possibility to extend product life cycles which otherwise would end sooner. The analysis aims to find the reasons for the variant operations and examines how the extended spatial perspective from national levels to the EU level influences the transition to circular economy.</abstract>

The Interpretation of Circular Priorities to Central European Business Environment with Focus on Hungary

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> The paper examines the development of organic farming in Bulgaria through the viewpoint of its links to circular economy concept and its potential to contribute to sustainable rural development. The significant increase in the number of organic operators and areas is analyzed in the context of stable growth in the European sector and worldwide and the increase in consumer demand. Main indicators reported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Bulgaria and the support provided by the National Rural Development Program are used to present the characteristics of organic production and agricultural holdings. The advantages of Bulgaria are underlined as a country offering the necessary conditions, along with the main problems in production and marketing. Recommendations are provided for organic sector encouragement as a sustainable business model and an entrepreneurial initiative for sustainable rural development putting a special accent on networking and capacity building activities in connection to potential solutions and policy development.</abstract>

Trends in Organic Farming Development in Bulgaria: Applying Circular Economy Principles to Sustainable Rural Development

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> The scope of the research is to find out how social entrepreneurship operations can be modelled within existing business methods using circular economy principles. A literature review was undertaken in order to clarify and find out different opinions regarding circularity and social businesses models. Moreover, the author interviewed managers of different social mission organizations in order to find out the critical factors that determine the sustainability and performances of the organizations. Using the results of the field and desk research, the author suggests the following business model elements to be considered by social enterprises aiming to implement circular economy principles: Desired social and environment vision; Value proposition; Alignment of organizations to the strategy and acceleration of change through executive leadership implication; Financial sustainable perspective: a) to increase financial resources and b) to manage costs; Stakeholders perspective: a) customers segments, b) users, c) employees, d) community beneficiaries, e) channels, f) customer relationships, g) Key partnerships; Internal process perspective: a) processes necessary to use circular economy principles; b) impact measurement and key activities; c) internal and external communication; Resources perspective: a) networks; b) skills on circular principles and social impact; c) information and technologies.`</abstract>

Success Factors of Sustainable Social Enterprises Through Circular Economy Perspective

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> The goal of the present paper is to analyze the number of young job seekers and their particularities in two emerging economies, Turkey and Hungary, with help of the quantitative approach. Even though the two nations share the title of emerging economies as they have produced a relatively spectacular growth in the recent past, they also present a number of historical, political, cultural and economic discrepancies. Unemployment is one of the negative aspects of market economy, and a sign of the level of solidarity within the society, that of the respect and the utility of the young, the quality and market conformity of the educational system and many other facets of human existence. The number of young jobseekers can measure the efficiency of the policy makers and the managers but also depends on external and internal factors such as the habitat, the sex and the educational background of the young or the subsequent political and economic turmoil. The comparison conducted on the basis of data analysis of the two systems is aimed at proving that similarities and differences, results and failures can be a lesson to be learned for both newly developing countries.</abstract>

Being a Young Jobseeker in an Emerging Economy and Circular Economy – A Comparative Analysis of the Turkish and Hungarian Situations

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Upon visiting the existing literature on the subject of linear vs. circular economy, this paper finds that, the blueprint of the current economy is hardly sustainable by using the comparative benchmarking method that drained from literature. The intrinsic mechanics of the linear economy, by relying on the wasteful take - make - dispose flow, is detrimental to the environment, cannot supply the growing populace of our planet with essential services and it naturally leads to strained profitability. Elements of a plausible solution to the challenges have been around for decades, although they have only recently been compiled in to the conceptual framework of circular economy. The core ideas of Circular Economy are elimination of waste by design, respect for the social, economic and natural environment and resource-conscious business conduct. Built on the backbone of these principles, the circular economy has demonstrated to deliver tangible benefits and viability to address the economic, environmental and social challenges of our days.</abstract>

Linear Economy Versus Circular Economy: A Comparative and Analyzer Study for Optimization of Economy for Sustainability

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> In the Republic of Macedonia, the circular economy would boost country’s agri-food sector competitiveness and help create new business and market opportunities for the farmers and processing industry. Public benefits that could accrue from the bio-economy perspective has become compelling. Nevertheless, the question arises: “At what level are we? Does the country go toward the development of the circular agriculture or not?” By using conceptual model of BPEIR (Behaviour - Pressure - Effect - Impact - Response) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the author introduces a comprehensive analysis and quantitative evaluation of the level of Macedonian circular agriculture development. This paper discusses the fact that the Republic of Macedonia shows positive trends regarding circular economy disciplines in agriculture, given by natural geographic conditions and traditional agricultural production.</abstract>

Index of Circular Agriculture Development in the Republic of Macedonia

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The article analyzes the current situation in the agricultural complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the necessity of combining small farms in the cooperative structure, evaluation of existing forms of cooperatives in agriculture are substantiated (production cooperatives, rural consumer cooperatives, rural consumer cooperatives of water users), a map of their location in the context of regions of the country is shown, problems hindering their development are revealed, particularly the formation and development trends of each of them, the economic indicators of production of products are given, together with their organizational structure, etc. On the basis of the conducted analysis of the production conditions, rural consumers and rural consumer cooperatives of water users, problems hindering their development are revealed, the positive and negative trends in the development of various forms of agricultural cooperation are assessed, and proposals has been substantiated in order to improve the regulatory framework, mechanisms of state support, credit and financial mechanisms, etc.</abstract>

Evaluation of the Development pf Various Forms of Agriculture Cooperation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

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