<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The subject of this article is a part of a broader debate related to the participation of the private sector in the execution of public services. It concerns those services which are provided to recipients in the conditions of a natural monopoly, based on a license (so with the privilege of exclusivity) awarded to private companies for executing the state’s tasks. This paper aims at outlining the reasons behind the implementation of similar solutions and the problems related to entrusting the private party with satisfying public needs – problems which revealed a conflict of interest between the parties of the licensing contract.
</abstract>

The role of licenses in public utility services provision – 19th century experiences

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The Second Polish Republic developed an advanced and, in many ways, modern system of social care; however, the services which the citizens were entitled to seemed to be privileges available only to a small part of the population. The origins of this situation are to be found in the specific social and occupational structure of the population, low industrialization rate and the modest financial capabilities of the state and local governments. These resulted in a limited number of people with access to social insurances, a limited scope of public health care, a selective nature of access to unemployment insurance or radical differences in access to social care. And it is this unavailability of the social offer which determines the consideration of those benefits in Poland as privileges rather than commonly available rights of the Polish citizens.
</abstract>

Social privileges in the Second Polish Republic

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Social insurance was conceived from a great thought of the social caution, from the thought of protection of an uncertain future. That thought of caution, during the time of development of social insurance, was implemented by the public entities on the one hand and by the civil activity on the other one. However, the process of creation of the social insurance system in Poland did not represent the policy of caution executed by the state. The only sign of caution could be seen with reference to the insurance associations as there the participants decided whether to enter the system or not whereas the state executed the policy of giving privileges to the certain social groups
</abstract>

Social insurance in the Second Republic of Poland. Social advantage or the policy of caution

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

During the times of the Second Polish Republic the civil servants, teachers, the military, postal and railway workers were not covered by the universal social insurance, because before the social insurance act came into force, they were covered by pension systems guaranteeing more advantageous benefits. Persons working in state administration had a privileged position compared to the employees in general, both in terms of the scope and level of the benefits and their entire coverage by the State. The level of the pensions depended on the years of service and after 10 years of service amounted to 40% and was increasing every year by 2.4% or 3% up to 100%. The civil servants acquired the right to the pension already after 10 years and as of 1934 after 15 years of civil or military service. In special cases they were entitled to pension after 5 years already.
</abstract>

Retirement privileges of civil servants in the Second Polish Republic

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Despite the elaborated techniques of electronic surveillance, personal sources of information still remain the best possible method of infiltrating a criminal milieu. Such methods gain special importance in totalitarian states. Collaborating with the Security Service almost always had some notable benefits. For some of the TWs, collaborating was an additional, sometimes quite substantial, source of income. One of repeating motives for collaboration was a will to improve one’s professional position or to easily obtain a permission to go abroad. There were also persons, who were impressed with having contacts with the Security Service functionaries. Almost all collaborators were using different forms of help from the part of the Security Service. Most of them would obtain real financial and material profits. The spectrum of favours offered to those helping the repressive state apparatus was very extensive.
</abstract>

The real and expected privileges of the Security Service collaborators recruited from academic milieu in the 1980s

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Described privileges of determined employee groups in the Polish tobacco industry in a period of Polish People’s Republic on example of Kraków plants arose largely from the statute law, although not without meaning carried out its interpretation, by workers self-management and Company’s Dispute Adjudication Boards (CDAB). It was possible to notice the sign of appropriating privileges by determined employees groups not-arising from the existing law, but being a sign of aspirations to ensure a higher position for oneself in the unit through certain acquaintances and in consequence achieving common benefits, etc. informally. The article constitutes only a starting point for further in-depth studies covering employee issues in all tobacco industry in Poland.
</abstract>

Employee privileges in the Polish tobacco industry in a period of Polish People’s Republic

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The article aims at analyzing a particular occupational privilege of employees, commonly referred to as a benefits package. This social privilege is considered a real social and legal phenomenon by a large number of academics. This is because no legal regulations on the privatization and commercialization of Polish companies actually imposed it. The origin of this specific privilege lies in the pragmatic attitude of employees to the process of privatization of companies and selling their stocks to strategic investors. This type of agreements was supposed to protect staff from radical restructuring which the investor could implement upon buying the company. Owing to this privilege, employees were able to establish their own space of social security in the factory. The article presents examples of such documents, discusses their content and possible sanctions for the new owner of the factory (the signatory of the document) if the provisions of the document are not complied with.
</abstract>

Benefits package agreement – a special privilege for employees

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The article discusses the subject of celebrating International Women’s Day in the Polish People’s Republic (1952-1989). The author aims at showing the importance of this day in the public space – specifically in state enterprises. The article mainly attempts to assess whether those celebrations were inspired by the communist authorities and used to achieve some short- and long-term social goals, or if they allowed to establish or re-establish some kind of trust for the party in power. Empirical data are used to illustrate the phenomenon.
The author points out that in the period of the Polish People’s Republic, there existed a certain privilege of being a women. This was evidenced by the prestige that the authorities of the time assigned to the celebration of Women’s Day and the fact that Men’s Day was not celebrated, or at least was much more marginal.
</abstract>

The female privilege. On celebrating International Women’s Day in state enterprises in the Polish People’s Republic

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 41 (2023): Issue 2 (December 2023) CHILD LABOUR

Volume 41 (2023): Issue 1 (July 2023) ENTREPRENEURSHIP, ENTREPRENEURS AND ENTERPRISES

Volume 40 (2022): Issue 2 (December 2022) ENTREPRENEURSHIP, ENTREPRENEURS AND ENTERPRISES

Volume 40 (2022): Issue 1 (December 2022) CENSUSES, STATISTICS AND DATABASES

Volume 39 (2021): Issue 1 (December 2021) SUCCESSES AND FAILURES IN ECONOMIC LIFE

Volume 38 (2020): Issue 1 (December 2020) ECONOMIC POLICY

Volume 37 (2019): Issue 1 (December 2019) WOMEN AND ECONOMY

Volume 36 (2018): Issue 1 (December 2018) ECONOMIC TRANSFERS

Volume 35 (2017): Issue 1 (December 2017) STATE AND ECONOMY

Volume 34 (2016): Issue 1 (December 2016) ECONOMIC CRIME

Volume 33 (2015): Issue 1 (December 2015) PRIVILEGES

Volume 32 (2014): Issue 1 (December 2014) POVERTY AND WEALTH

Volume 31 (2013): Issue 1 (December 2013) CITY

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae

 Print ISSN: 0081-6485Electronic ISSN: 2353-7515  Studia Historiae Oeconomicae (SHO) is a refereed journal published two times a year. The journal is addressed to historians (particularly economic historians), economists, sociologists and social scientists who are interested in economic life in social and cultural contexts, both from theoretical and empirical points of view.  The general objective of the journal is to be open to the results of research on both past and contemporary social and economic phenomena, mainly from a historical, economic and sociological point of view.  In the era of progressive specialization of scientific research, the SHO has consistently been promoting the idea of the interdisciplinary character of research on economic history since its funding. For this reason, the SHO provides a platform that brings together socio-economic historians from various faculties, including economics, social sciences, humanities and history. The SHO sites serve as a forum for scholars from around the world, particularly those with an interest in the history of Central and Eastern Europe, to present their research and exchange ideas and engage in discussions on socio-economic history. The first issue appeared in 1967 and the founder were Prof. Czesław Łuczak and Prof. Jerzy Topolski. In the beginning, the journal was to share research results of Polish scholars in the field of economic and social history with international readers. SHO is published in English. The journal is published both in print and online.  No publication fee. Copyright Copyright is regulated by the author's statement made during the submission process and also by the license agreement for online publication concluded between the Author and the University of Adam Mickiewicz. The authors are responsible for the originality of the textual material and the regulation of copyrights regarding illustrative materials. In the event that the materials come from the editorial office - the editorial office of the journal is responsible.  The author retains unlimited copyright. Rejection Rate   30%   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

Volume 33 (2015): Issue 1 (December 2015) - PRIVILEGES

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae

Volume 33 (2015): Issue 1 (December 2015)

PRIVILEGES