Functional outcome and prognostic implications in patellofemoral instability using Elmslie-Trillat and MPFL reconstruction procedures

Introduction. Patellofemoral instability is a troublesome condition that results in significant morbidity, frequently associated with persistent anterior knee pain, long-term osteoarthritis and reduced quality of life.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to describe functional outcomes following surgical treatment of patients who underwent Elmslie-Trillat procedure and reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) correlated with Elmslie-Trillat in the treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation and subluxation.

Methods. We prospectively followed 23 patients (24 knees) with patellofemoral instability who underwent realignment surgery procedures between 2015 and 2017, 14 knees by the Elmslie-Trillat procedure (Group 1) and 10 knees by Elmslie-Trillat combined with MPFL reconstruction (Group 2). The patients were evaluated pre and postoperatively by clinical examination, knee radiographs, CT scans and functional outcome Kujala score.

Results. At a follow up period of 2 years, the apprehension sign remained positive in 6 knees in Group 1, and only one in Group 2. On the skyline radiographs and axial CT scans, stability was significantly better in group 2 than in group 1. The mean Kujala score was 65.2+/ -9.39 points in group 1, and 87.1+/ -6.43 points in group 2, at 2 years evaluation, significantly higher than before surgery. No patient developed osteoarthritis while being followed up.

Conclusion. Based on these findings, we were able to conclude that the reconstruction of the MPFL combined with the osteotomy of distal tuberosity is a useful treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation and subluxation. However, further studies are needed to assess the impact of the realignment procedures in the prevention of joint degeneration.