<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a clinical entity lacking consensual meaning, illustrating a rare nose surgery complication, particularly of nasal conchae surgery, which results in the destruction of the normal nasal tissue. In severe forms it may become debilitating; the inability in identification and appreciation of this syndrome turns detrimental to the patient. Physiopathology remains controversial, which probably implies disorders caused by excessive nasal permeability, affecting neurosensory receptors as well as the humidification functions and conditioning of inhaled air. Neuropsychological involvement is being suspected. Symptomatology is both variable and changeable, the most evident sign outlining paradoxical nasal obstruction. The diagnosis is based on a series of symptoms that need to be collected precisely, the objective examination that highlights the permeability of nasal fossae. The management is problematic; there are implemented a complete range of simple hygiene and humidification techniques of the nasal cavity and, for more severe cases, surgery is provided, regardless of technique, the surgery targeting partial filling of the nasal airways. Prevention is the most essential strategy along with basic conservative surgical techniques.</abstract>

Empty nose syndrome

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs when there appears a fistula between the dura and the skull base and it is usually characterized by discharge of cerebrospinal fluid from the nose. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks may have many etiologies, the most common being trauma. The most common site of dural lesion is the cribriform plate of the ethmoid. Diagnosis can be achieved by a multitude of techniques, high-resolution computed tomography being the modality of choice and it may be completed with magnetic resonance imaging or cisternography. Treatment may be either conservative, either surgical, related to the cause, the site and the duration of CSF leak. Conservative treatment usually includes strict bed rest, elevated bed head and no straining, nose blowing or stretching, with resolution of the majority of traumatic CSF leaks in seven days. Surgical treatment consists of a variety of approaches (intracranial/extracranial, open/endoscopic). The future trend is represented by minimally invasive endoscopic approaches, with a success rate of almost 90%; however, open transcranial or extracranial interventions still have indications in the surgical management. CSF leaks must be correctly diagnosed and treated, because the risk of intracranial complications increases 10-fold when the leakage persists.</abstract>

Current insights in CSF leaks: a literature review of mechanisms, pathophysiology and treatment options

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract are high morbidity bearing and life-threatening diseases, which require thorough care from diagnostic suspicion and confirmation to surgical and/or oncologic treatment and rehabilitation. Difficulties in managing head and neck cancers arise from delays in diagnosis and treatment caused by either patient-related factors or healthcare system-related factors. Tumor origin and stage determine whether surgical excision is feasible, the approach required for safe excision, the extent of functional and aesthetic sacrifice required to attain oncologic safety and the need for reconstructive surgery. A thorough and systematic preoperative risk versus benefits assessment to select potential surgical candidates and give realistic outcomes is important from both a medical and a legal point of view. Because tumors in the head and neck region frequently involve more than one system and sensory organ, potential loss of function from either the disease course, surgical or nonsurgical treatment should be taken into account form a quality of life perspective. Effective management of head and neck cancer patients requires the cooperation and combined effort of a multidisciplinary team of surgeons, physicians and other workers over a long period of time which, in the absence of a specialised head and neck cancer centre and guidelines, can lead to increased morbidity and mortality, and patient dissatisfaction.</abstract>

Difficulties in the surgical management of head and neck cancer patient

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a common event in clinical practice. The authors, all members of the Italian Society of Rhinology, analysed 100 cases from different ENT Departments. The causes of NLDO, according to the etiology, can be divided into two classes: idiopathic primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction and secondary. The aim of the study was to describe an association between the sign and symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis and a complaint of epiphora.</abstract>

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction: the relationship with nasal allergy

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Rhinosporidiosis is a polypoidal disease of the nose and mucocutaneous tissues, the diagnosis of which is based on the presence of round bodies believed to be causative agents of the disease. Historically, the round body has been considered to be a sporangium of a fungus Rhinosporidium seeberi but without any convincing evidence. Round bodies contain numerous daughter cells, which are likely in the infective stage and are shed through a rupture in the wall of the round body. The released single-celled organisms eventually develop into round bodies on availability of suitable transformative trigger and favourable environment. Surgical excision of the polyp by electrocautery is the only effective treatment; however, recurrence may occur due to spillage of infective endospores in the surrounding mucosa during removal. There are many enigmatic features of the causative agent of this disease, which have been baffling researchers for more than a century. Here we present some rare electron microscopic and previously unreported features of the coat of the round body and single-celled organism in nasal rhinosporidiosis.</abstract>

Complex disposition of an enigmatic pathogen: rare electron microscopic manifestations in nasal rhinosporidiosis

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Morphological variability of paranasal sinuses is well known for endoscopic surgeons and anatomists alike. The ethmoid sinus is the most complex and variable of all paranasal sinuses, due to the fact that its development is not yet well known and is influenced by many factors. Volumetric studies of the sinuses have been made using dried skulls, cadaver heads and imaging studies, but there are still not sufficient data in order to name a standard value for each sinus. Few data can be found especially regarding the ethmoid sinus. In this paper, we measured the volumes of ethmoid lateral masses, and for anterior and posterior groups of cells, using imaging studies and a volumetric feature of our imaging studies. Results showed an average volume between 7.34 cm3 and 8.39 cm3 for the ethmoid lateral mass, between 4.33 cm3 and 4.92 cm3 for the anterior ethmoid and between 3.01 cm3 and 3.47 cm3 for the posterior ethmoid groups. We also found that the average volume of the anterior ethmoid occupies between 58-59% of the whole volume, while the posterior ethmoid occupies only 41-42% of this volume.</abstract>

Computed-tomography volumetric study of the ethmoid labyrinth

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Background. Neuroendocrine tumors of the larynx represent a rare group of neoplasms characterized by pathological and biological heterogeneity. The histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis is the most important step in the appropriate management of these tumors and the prognosis varies according to histological types. Conventional anatomical and functional imaging can be complementary for diagnosis, staging and monitoring of treatment response. Material and methods. Here we report on a case of a laryngeal neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma occurring in a 67-year-old man who was referred to our clinic for clinical reevaluation, diagnosis and treatment. The clinical presentation, the histopathological and immunohistochemical examination and management of this kind of tumor are highlighted. Conclusion. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas are very aggressive neoplasms. Patients could benefit from surgery, but radiotherapy and chemotherapy remain the treatment of choice. Very low incidence of neuroendocrine tumors in the larynx and specifically very poor prognosis of neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma encouraged an extensive literature review.</abstract>

Primary neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma in larynx: case report and literature review

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Romanian Journal of Rhinology

Rhinology, as an important part of Otorhinolaryngology, addresses a very frequent and diverse pathology, with important interdisciplinary implications. In the last decades, this medical field was the beneficiary of new technical means for accurate and effective investigation, treatment and research. The needs of modern medicine - over-specialization, interdisciplinary approach and evidence-based medicine, lead to the situation that the international rhinologic societies are the most dynamic and appreciated.  The Romanian Journal of Rhinology is the official scientific publication of the Romanian Rhinologic Society, and it is trying to fill the existing gap in the Romanian ENT literature, promoting modern publishing and criteria according to the international standards. Romanian Journal of Rhinology appears quarterly with the purpose to publish original articles, original clinical reports, clinically relevant experimental studies and short communications presenting new results of general interest. Its aim is to concentrate and provide information concerning care, cure and prevention of different rhinologic disorders and borderline pathology. With a peer review by an important national and international editorial board, the journal provides clinical and clinically related information written by authors from all over the world.  Journal’s business model  Romanian Journal of Rhinology is an Open Access journal. The submission and publication of the articles are free of charge, in both print and electronic publication. The publisher covers all costs – editing, printing, copyediting, typesetting, long-term archiving, journal management.  Romanian Journal of Rhinology is the journal of the Romanian Rhinologic Society; thus, one of the financial sources for publication is represented by the Society from the manuscript fees.  Advertisements represent another important founding source. The decision regarding the type of advertisements, acceptance/rejections, the price offering is made by the Publishing/technical Editor, the Editorial Board having no decision power on this aspect. Advertorials and publicity about pharmacological devices, drugs, supplements related to rhinologic and otolaryngologic pathologies can be taken into consideration. In case of Advertorials, with an important scientific content, the medical data presented will have the approval of the Journal’s Editors.  There is also available the annual subscription for individuals and companies. The contact person is also the Publishing/technical Editor.  Publication schedule  The Romanian Journal of Rhinology is published quarterly:   January-March (publication month: February)  April-June (publication month: April)  July-September (publication month: July)  October-December (publication month: October)  Editorial process  The Romanian Journal of Rhinology uses a standard scheme for the evaluation process of the submitted articles. All manuscripts are strictly reviewed for originality, correctness, methodology, quality of the medical information, suitability for the journal’s medical field, ethical nature.  The Editors reserve the right to refuse any manuscript which does not correspond to the submission guidelines.  Peer-review is the system used to assess the quality of a manuscript before it is published. Independent researchers in the otorhinolaryngology area assess the submitted manuscripts for originality, validity, and significance to help editors determine whether the manuscript should be published in their journal.  After submission:   All manuscript are treated as confidential documents, all being assigned with a registration number (for example, RJR010121 (day of submission)(month of submission) (the last two numbers of the year of submission)). All communications between the editors, the author(s), the reviewers are made by using this identification number.  Technical review performed by the editor-in-chief, associated editors, members of the editorial board analyses – the importance of the subject, presentation clarity, relevance, plagiarism index. Submissions that fail to fulfil all requirements are rejected. This process last for a few days after submission.  Review process. The Romanian Journal of Rhinology has a double-blind reviewing process, in which the reviewers do not know the names of the authors, and the authors do not know who reviewed their manuscript. Therefore, the authors are required to submit a blind manuscript without the authors’ names and affiliations on the title page or in the text and a separate title page with the names of the authors, affiliations, and information about the corresponding author. After the initial assessment for, submissions are sent to at least two experts in the field who are asked to evaluate whether the manuscript is scientifically coherent, easy to read, useful in the field, and whether the manuscript should be accepted, rejected or revised. The review process will take approximately 2 weeks. After the review process is completed, the corresponding author will receive an e- mail about the evaluation results of the submitted manuscript: accepted, revision or rejection. If the e-mail contains suggestions and comments for revising the manuscript, the authors should make the changes and return to the editor within 2 weeks; if not, the manuscript is considered rejected. If the manuscript is accepted for publication by the reviewers, it is forwarded to the Editor-in-Chief. The final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief based on the recommendations of reviewers reports and the journal’s editors. Where necessary, they will consult with members of the Editorial Board. The Editor-in-Chief may advice the corresponding author to make necessary revisions in order to publish the article. The final form of the article will be sent to the main author for the last approval from his/her part (if there are minor changes these should be send in no more than 1 week).  The publication process after the article’s submission may take 45 days, average. All accepted articles are assigned with a DOI number.  The Romanian Journal of Rhinology follows the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals and required ICMJSE to be listed as a journal that follows these recommendations.  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

Romanian Journal of Rhinology

Volume 7 (2017): Issue 27 (September 2017)

Literature Review

Empty nose syndrome

Current insights in CSF leaks: a literature review of mechanisms, pathophysiology and treatment options

Original Study

Difficulties in the surgical management of head and neck cancer patient

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction: the relationship with nasal allergy

Complex disposition of an enigmatic pathogen: rare electron microscopic manifestations in nasal rhinosporidiosis

Computed-tomography volumetric study of the ethmoid labyrinth

Case Report

Primary neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma in larynx: case report and literature review

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