<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The aim of this study was to present data on the phenology of autumn migration of the Eurasian Curlew passing the lower Vistula valley and to determine whether there is a difference in biometrics between early and late migrants, which may reflect different timing of migration of birds from different parts of the breeding range. Studies were conducted in the lower Vistula valley in 2003-2008. Median date of migration fell into 9-13 August pen-tade. The migration dynamics showed major day-to-day changes in bird numbers and almost all of observed flocks migrated without staying in the study area. Moreover, only one bird was caught twice during the season. It indicates that lower Vistula valley is not an attractive stopover site for Eurasian Curlews. There were significant differences in the total head lengths, bill lengths and body masses of birds caught in different ten-days periods with larger and heavier birds occurring towards the end of the study period (ANOVA, Neuman-Keuls test: <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05 in all cases). The gradual increase in the total head and bill lengths and probably also in body mass indicates that bigger birds from the eastern part of the breeding range migrate later than smaller birds, which breed in the west. There were no significant differences in wing length, tarsus length and tarsus with toe length (ANOVA, Neuman-Keuls test: <italic>p</italic> > 0.05 in all cases). Subspecies <italic>N. a. arquata</italic> and <italic>N. a. orientalis</italic> have similar wing length and in this study there were no significant differences for this measurement between following decades of the studied period. Collected data suggest that the wing length, which had clearly bimodal distribution, should be the best linear measurements for sexing at least juvenile Eurasian Curlews.</abstract>

Dept. of Zoology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, PL-10-975 Olsztyn, Poland

Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Dept. of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Legionów 9, PL-80-441 Gdańsk, Poland

Directorate Regional for Environmental Protection, Piłsudskiego 7/9, PL-10-575 Olsztyn, Poland

Migration Dynamics and Seasonal Variation In the Biometrics of the Eurasian Curlew (<italic>Numenius arquata</italic>) Migrating through the Lower Vistula Valley (N Poland) in Autumn

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The Common Snipe is a medium-sized wader with a broad range of distribution. The analysis of recoveries shows that most of Common Snipes migrating through the southern Baltic come from Scandinavia, Baltic countries and north-western and western Russia. In this paper differentiation in the biometrics of Common Snipes migrating through north-eastern Poland was described. The data were collected at two ringing stations in north-eastern Poland. No significant differences were found between biometrical parameters from these two ringing sites. The obtained results are similar to the ones from the Gulf of Gdańsk. Mean values of particular measurements and body mass of adult and juvenile birds did not differ significantly. There was no significant biometrical variance among juvenile birds between three analysed half month periods as well as between 5 years of study except for the seasonal differences in the mean value of tarsus with toe measurement. The mean values of measurements taken from the birds studied in this work are similar to the results obtained for the Gulf of Gdansk region, and higher than in the places located more inland (southern and eastern Poland). It might be caused by differences in the biometrical values among different populations. Low values of the body mass are characteristic for Common Snipes staying in places with different habitat conditions, which shows that this species migrates in autumn with very small energetic reserves, what is typical for strategy minimising energetic expenses during migration.</abstract>

Biometrical Differentiation of the Common Snipe <italic>(Gallinago gallinago)</italic> Migrating in Autumn Through North-Eastern Poland

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The phenology and dynamics of wader migration were studied at a stopover area in the middle Vistula Valley (Kaliszany ringing station, 51°05'N, 21°48'E, central Poland). The study was conducted during autumn passage seasons of 1993-1996 and 1999-2001. At this time 364 counts were done from mid-July to the end of October. Altogether 23 030 waders of 27 species were recorded within the study period. The most numerous species observed were: the Northern Lapwing (<italic>Vanellus vanellus</italic>) — 49% of all birds, Common Sandpiper (<italic>Actitis hypoleucos</italic>) — 16% and Greenshank (<italic>Tringa nebularia</italic>) — 9%. Species constituting <italic>ca</italic> 2-4% of all noted waders each were: the Dunlin (<italic>Calidris alpina</italic>), Spotted Redshank (<italic>T. erythropus</italic>), Wood Sandpiper (<italic>T. glareola</italic>), Curlew (<italic>Numenius arquata</italic>), Ruff (<italic>Philomachus pugnax</italic>) and Green Sandpiper (<italic>T. ochropus</italic>). The proportion of the remaining species did not exceed 2%. The pattern of autumn migration dynamics is presented for the dominant species.</abstract>

Department of Zoology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13, PL-20-950 Lublin, Poland

Department of Nature Conservation, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL-20-033 Lublin, Poland

Autumn Passage of Waders (<italic>Charadrii</italic>) in the Middle Vistula Valley (Kaliszany, Central Poland)

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The aim of this study is to present the general biometrical characteristics of Dunlins passing the Polish Baltic coast during autumn migration. Data were collected between the first week of July and the end of September in 1991-2002. Comparison of the mean wing lengths of Dunlins from different regions revealed that birds migrating through the Puck Bay had on average shorter wings than those trapped in areas located more south-easterly and clearly longer than those from Mauritania. In adults, seasonal variation of mean bill and wing lengths showed sigmoid pattern with larger birds in July at the beginning of migration and in mid-September. Such pattern is typical for this species, because females, which are larger than males, migrate earlier. Similar pattern of seasonal changes of mean bill and wing lengths might be noted in second-year birds. Juveniles caught in July must have belonged to local population of <italic>C. a. shinzii</italic>, which is smaller than the nominative subspecies. The sample of juvenile birds trapped in the beginning of August probably consisted of individuals from both subspecies, which resulted in the lower mean values of wing and bill lengths. Changes in the size of juveniles from year to year might be caused by differences in food availability on the breeding grounds, <italic>e.g.</italic> due to weather conditions.</abstract>

Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Legionów 9, PL-80-441 Gdańsk, Poland

Department of Zoology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, PL-10-975 Olsztyn, Poland

Biometrics of the Dunlin (<italic>Calidris alpina</italic>) Migrating in Autumn Along the Polish Baltic Coast

Department of Fish Resources, Sea Fisheries Institute, Kołłątaja 1, PL-81-332 Gdynia

Department of Teacher Training and Biodiversity Studies, University of Łódź, Banacha 1/3, PL-90-237, Łódź

Ornithological Section of the Student's Scientific Club of Biologists, Department of Biosystematics, University of Opole, Oleska 22, PL-45-052 Opole

Department of Zoology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, PL-10-975 Olsztyn

Medical Univeristy of Łódź, Kościuszki 4, PL-90-319 Łódź

Students' Ornithological Section, University of Łódź, Banacha 1/3, PL-90-237 Łódź

Fieldwork Results of Wader Research Stations Working in Poland in 2006-2008

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The migration of waders was investigated at the Reda mouth (Polish Baltic coast) between 1996 and 2001. During the study 496 counts were conducted in the period between 5 July and 5 October. The most numerous species observed were: the Lapwing (<italic>Vanellus vanellus</italic>) - 39.5% and Dunlin (<italic>Calidris alpina</italic>) - 29.8% of all waders. Because of a variety of habitats in the Reda mouth region, among the waders staging numerously in the Reda mouth there were species typical both for coastal and inland habitat. It was shown that birds from tundra zone migrated later than those from more southern breeding areas, which was caused by much later beginning of egg laying in northern latitudes. Moreover, in the species from tundra zone, <italic>e.g.</italic> the Knot (<italic>Calidris canutus</italic>), Little Stint (<italic>C. minuta</italic>), Curlew Sandpiper (<italic>C. ferruginea</italic>), the migration of both age classes were well separated, whereas in those from more southern areas, <italic>e.g.</italic> the Little Ringed Plover (<italic>Charadius dubius</italic>), Common Sandpiper (<italic>Actitis hypoleucos</italic>), such difference was less pronounced and the period of common passage of adults and juveniles was much longer. A comparison of the obtained data on migration pattern with some other sites in Poland where regular counts were conducted showed several similarities and some discrepancies, which are discussed in the paper.</abstract>

Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Al. Legionów 9, PL-80-441 Gdańsk, Poland

Department of Zoology, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 5, PL-10-975 Olsztyn, Poland

Autumn Migration of Waders (<italic>Charadrii</italic>) at the Reda Mouth (N Poland)

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The Ring

 The on-line version of the journal is a primary one to the printed edition. The Ring is an international journal dealing with problems of bird ringing, migration and monitoring bird numbers. The main fields of interest are original papers, review articles and methodical discussions. Information, progress reports, personal comments and short notes or news are also accepted to the informative columns of the journal. Although papers are refereed, conclusions, opinions and discussion are published on the author's responsibility. Innovative and even controversial ideas are appreciated.  Why subscribe and read  Excellent source of high quality research on bird migration; original articles on:   migration strategies (long jumps vs. short jumps; stopover ecology; fattening strategy; obligatory vs. partial migration, etc.);  migratory patterns (breeding/wintering areas and flyways; migration dynamics and phenology, distances and migration speed, etc.);  populational differentiation of migrating birds (incl. mechanisms isolating different populations, morphological differentiation and morphometrics studies, etc.);  long-term monitoring of migratory bird populations.   Why submit   transparent, comprehensive and fast peer review,  innovative ideas are appreciated.   Rejection Rate   About 10%   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

The Ring

Volume 31 (2009): Issue 1 (January 2009)

Migration Dynamics and Seasonal Variation In the Biometrics of the Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata) Migrating through the Lower Vistula Valley (N Poland) in Autumn

Biometrical Differentiation of the Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) Migrating in Autumn Through North-Eastern Poland

Autumn Passage of Waders (Charadrii) in the Middle Vistula Valley (Kaliszany, Central Poland)

Biometrics of the Dunlin (Calidris alpina) Migrating in Autumn Along the Polish Baltic Coast

Fieldwork Results of Wader Research Stations Working in Poland in 2006-2008

Autumn Migration of Waders (Charadrii) at the Reda Mouth (N Poland)

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