<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">West Wadi El-Rayan is located in the Western Desert at about 140 km SE of Cairo. Also, it lies between Gindi basin to the east and Abu Gharadig basin to the west. In order to construct a 3D structural model and to delineate the subsurface structure styles of the area, seismic structural interpretation and structural restoration are used. The structural geometry within the area is inverted half-graben, since the area was controlled by reactivation of older faults. The magnitude of the inversion-related shortening in the study area was estimated and was suggested to be strong. The result of the strong inversion magnitude occurred toward northeast of the study area can be concluded that, the area suffered shortening and part of the Jurassic / Early Cretaceous normal faults are reactivated as reverse faults. Also the cap, the main reservoirs and the source rock sections are brought to the surface and thus breached, as well any previous mature source rock becoming non-generative where the dry wells are located. However, any less severe inversion structure in this case where producing wells are located that remain buried and will have a better chance or preserving the structure geometry and therefore top and lateral seal.</abstract>

Geophysics Department, Faculty of Science

Structural Inversion Magnitude and its Impacts on the Hydrocarbon Accumulation

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The underground city beneath the Nevşehir Castle located in the middle of Cappadocia region in Turkey with approximately cone shape is investigated by jointly utilizing the modern geophysical techniques of seismic surface waves and electrical resistivity. The systematic void structure under the Nevşehir Castle of Cappadocia, which is known to have widespread underground cities, is studied by the use of 33 separate two-dimensional profiles ~4-km long where electrical resistivities and seismic surface waves are concurrently measured. Seismic surface wave measurements are inverted to establish the shear-wave velocity distribution while resistivity measurements are inverted to resolve the resistivity distribution. Several high-resistivity anomalies with a depth range 8-20 m point to a systematic void structure beneath the Nevşehir Castle. We were able to effectively isolate the void structure from the embedding structure since the currently employed resistivity instrument has provided us high resolution quality measurements. Associated with the high resistivity anomalies there exist low-velocity depth zones acquired from the surface wave inversions also pointing to a systematic void structure where three-dimensional visualization techniques are used to show the extension of the void structure under the studied area.</abstract>

Nevşehir Castle Region in Turkey Interpreted by the Use of Seismic Surface Wave and Electrical Resistance Measurements Together

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The IGRF filtered Aeromagnetic data over Iwo, southwestern part of Nigeria within the basement complex was subjected to reduction to magnetic equator filtering, residual filtering, upward and downward continuation filtering, automatic gain control filtering, tilt angle derivative, second vertical derivative, analytical signal and Euler deconvolution. This reveals the geologic information such as structural trend. Based on the result of the total magnetic intensity map, reduction to equator map, analytical signal map and residual magnetic intensity map, it can be concluded that; The rocks in the study area have a trend of approximately northeast-southwest direction as seen on the upward continuation map. Most of the delineated lineaments found within the study area strike mostly in NNE-SSW, NE-SW and NW-SE with minor trend of E-W and ENE-WSW direction. Structural lineament orientation suggested that they were products of Pan-African orogeny (NE-SW, NW-SE and NNE-SSW trends) and pre-Pan-African orogeny (NNW-SSE and E-W trend). The interpretation of the aeromagnetic dataset gave an insight into the regional geology and structural trends of the area.</abstract>

Aeromagnetic Mapping of Iwo Region of Southwestern Nigeria for Lithostructural Delineation

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The early Cambrian Abbottabad Formation mainly comprises of dolomite, sandstone, shale and conglomerates at Khote-di-Qabar section, Hazara region, Pakistan. The formation makes lower contact with Hazara Formation and upper contact with Hazira Formation. The formation is comprehensively studied during the field and lab work to interpret its provenance. Five distinguishable sedimentary units including 1) Tanaki boulder bed; 2) Sanghargali siltstone/shale; 3) Mohammdagali Dolomite/quartzite; 4) Mirpur sandstone; 5) Sirban dolomite can be identified in the field that indicate variable depositional strata of the formation under various depositional setting. Additionally, petrographic analysis of Sanghargali siltstone/shale unit and Mirpur sandstone unit of the formation indicate the main lithologies of these units are litharenite and sublitharenite respectively. Moreover, the provenance of these sandstone units of the formation most probably belong to Aravali and Malani Ranges located in the South of the study area.</abstract>

Provenance of the Early Cambrian Abbottabad Formation in the Hazara region, Pakistan

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The present research describes a method of combining geostatistical analysis with geophysical inversion of electrical resistivity data conducted in Pakhli Plain, northwestern Himalayas, Pakistan. The raw data has been collected from the Technical Report VII-I on Ground Water Resources in Pakhli Plain, Mansehra District. Subsequently, the data has been deciphered and broadened from one dimensional resistivity data into a 2D model that can be entirely visualized and deduced in a spatial sense. Interpretation and calibration of the electrical resistivity curves with the lithologies and geophysical logs of boreholes suggests possible identification of distinctive sedimentary accumulations occurring within the Pakhli Plain. The 2D and 3D gridding and visualization is imperative to map the extents of the alluvial deposits within the Pakhli Plain formed during the periods of extreme tectonic activity. The coarser sediments are associated with lower levels of resistivity as measured in the electrical surveys, whereas the finer sediments exhibit characteristically lower resistivities. Therefore, the zones of low and high resistivity values are indicative of particles associated with coarser and finer sediments, respectively. It has been mentioned that the Pakhli Plain has remained a lacustrine zone during some time in the geological past as indicated by low resistivities representing finer sediments in the middle of the Plain. Consequently, the overall transmissivity of the sediments is low, which imply poor conditions for commercial groundwater production in the Pakhli Plain. Moreover, high resistivity zones of coarse material could be further investigated for groundwater potential areas. In particular, the prime objectives of the present study include 3D modeling of underground resistivity and its exploration in terms of groundwater potential on the basis of distribution of low resistivity zones.</abstract>

3D Interpretation of Resistivity Data for Groundwater Potential Assessment of Pakhli Plain, Mansehra District, Pakistan

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 4 (2020): Issue 2 (December 2020)

Volume 4 (2020): Issue 1 (June 2020)

Volume 3 (2019): Issue 2 (December 2019)

Volume 3 (2019): Issue 1 (June 2019)

Pakistan Journal of Geology

 The Indian subcontinent is well respected for its growing research activity in the geosciences, particularly in circum-Himalayan earth science. The Pakistan Journal of Geology (PJG) is a peer-reviewed journal for geologists in Pakistan. The PJG publishes scientific papers, notes, and discussions in the broadly defined fields of geoscience, ones that are related to the geology of Asia. Contributions from Europe and Middle East and Africa are also welcome given the strategic location of the Indian subcontinent as well as topical studies on any geoscience-related discipline. The production, publication, and distribution of the PJG are managed by Zibeline International Publishing. The subject matter includes geology, geophysics, physical geography and pedology. Prospective contributors should consult recent issues of the journal to see whether a planned submission is appropriate. All research articles in this journal have undergone rigorous peer review, based on an initial editorial screening and single-blind refereeing.   The Pakistan Journal of Geology (PJG) is intended for the dissemination of scientific themes of broad interest and original character related to the Geosciences of Pakistan and neighboring countries, including modern processes and new field and laboratory techniques. There are four regular and two theme-based issues per year.  The PJG publishes articles, fast communications, articles with accelerated review, letters to the Editor, editorials and review articles.  The abstracts may be written in Urdu or, preferably, in English.  Articles – the main publication model consists of up to 8,000 words, including references. Fragmented articles will not be accepted (E.g. part 1, part 2). The articles must be readable, regardless of any previous article.  Discussions – a section designated for disclosing comments on recently published articles, followed by the replies of the author(s) of the original work. Both texts must be brief, objective and concise.  Book Reviews – The reviews are published by invitation of the Editors.  Geological News – this concerns news which deserves rapid communication.   The Pakistan Journal of Geology intends to publish on:    The geology of the Indian subcontinent, Asia, Europe, Africa and Mediterranean including both onshore and offshore records.  Papers on the igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic.  Papers on the structure and properties of the Earth’s crust, tectonophysics, geophysics, economic geology (petroleum and metallic studies).  Papers on the paleontology, stratigraphy, sedimentology and palaeoenvironments of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic.  Papers on the aspects of Quaternary geology, hydrogeology, geomorphology, geohazard and climate change.  Papers on the aspects of the Geosciences that have a societal relevance including Geoheritage, Geotourism, Geoeducation, Geoconservation and Earth management.  Papers on Geoinformatics, Remote Sensing and GIS.  Papers on the history of geology in the Indian subcontinent, Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Europe.   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 