<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><bold>Introduction.</bold> Allergic diseases belong to the most important health problems responsible for the incidence of various types of discomfort. The application of specific allergen therapy (SAI) is becoming a more and more frequent method aimed at treating allergic diseases. However, this approach requires a strict adherence to medical treatment, which may affect patients’ quality of life.<bold>Aim.</bold> Assessment of quality of life and everyday functioning in the group of patients who underwent a specific allergen therapy.<bold>Material and methods.</bold> The study group consisted of 80 adult patients who decided to undergo SAI treatment and were treated in two health care facilities in Małopolska region. The study included an assessment of life quality and selected aspects of functioning (as well as their retrospective assessment). As far as the applied methods are concerned, the study was based on the authors’ own questionnaire and an abbreviated version of the <italic>World Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire</italic>.<bold>Results.</bold> SAI treatment made it possible to reduce both the incidence (Me=4.00 to 2.00; p&lt;0.001) and intensity (Me=4.00 to 2.00; p&lt;0.001) of allergic symptoms. Also the discomfort caused by the allergy was decreased (Me=4.00 to 2.00; p&lt;0.001). Moreover, some improvement in general well-being (Me=4.00 to 5.00; p&lt;0.001) and life satisfaction (Me=4.00 to 5.00; p&lt;0.001) was observed.<bold>Conclusions.</bold> Specific allergen immunotherapy seems to be worth considering as it improves patients’ life satisfaction and reduces discomfort caused by the allergy itself.</abstract>

Department of Internal Medicine and Community Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences

Jagiellonian University Medical College (JU MC)

Department of Clinical Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences

Selected aspects of patients’ functioning before and after desensitization with specific allergen immunotherapy

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><bold>Introduction.</bold> Satisfaction with life is a general assessment of satisfaction with one’s own achievements and living conditions on many levels. This includes human cognitive processes, expressing the emotional state that occurs as a result of achieving a specific goal. According to Juczyński, the assessment of life satisfaction is the result of confronting one’s own situation with the adopted criteria. If the result of the comparison is positive, the implication is the feeling of satisfaction. Satisfaction with life of pregnant women is dependent on many factors, including: personality traits, emotions, sociodemographic, factors as well as numerous physiological and psychological changes occurring during pregnancy.<bold>Aim.</bold> The aim of the study is to assess the level of life satisfaction of pregnant women depending on sociodemographic factors.<bold>Material and methods.</bold> The research was conducted on 415 women hospitalized and receiving care in counseling centers for pregnant women. The research was carried out by means of a diagnostic survey using a standardized Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and an original questionnaire to collect demographic data.<bold>Results.</bold> Based on the average assessment of life satisfaction, it was found that 48.43% (n = 201) of the surveyed pregnant women was characterized by a high degree of life satisfaction, 35.18% (n = 146) average, and 16.39% (n = 68) of the respondents experienced a low level of life satisfaction.<bold>Conclusions.</bold> Sociodemographic factors conditioned the feeling of satisfaction with life of pregnant women. Pregnant women who had a greater sense of life satisfaction were: those in relationship rather than those who were single; women with higher education than those with basic, vocational or secondary education; pregnant women working mentally rather than those not working.</abstract>

Department of the Basics of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences

Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Obstetric-Gynaecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences

Life satisfaction of the pregnant women

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><bold>Aim.</bold> Assessment of preparation of a nurse – employee of the primary health care for providing preventative measures against domestic violence targeted at elders.<bold>Material and methods.</bold> The material was collected in a group of 70 nurses – employees of the primary health care of a medical centre in Lodz. Inclusion criteria were: the respondent’s consent for the inclusion in the study and the position of a nurse of the primary health care system. The authors of the study used the diagnostic survey method, with the application of their own questionnaire. Obtained results were statistically analysed.<bold>Results.</bold> In the nurses’ opinion, lack of knowledge of effective tools, which could be used to provide victims with help, considerably hampers implementation of preventive measures for counteracting domestic violence. A multivariate analysis revealed a relationship between the opinion of nurses on prevention of domestic violence against the elderly and their education, the number of years worked and individual beliefs.<bold>Conclusions.</bold> Violence against elders is a growing global problem. Polish nurses are legally obliged to initiate interventions in order to counteract domestic violence. Nurses from the primary health care are not prepared to carry out prevention of violence against the elderly. There is a need to provide nurses employed in the primary health care with post-graduate training on counteracting domestic violence against the elderly.</abstract>

Department of Nursing Pedagogics, Faculty of Health Sciences

Department of Conservative Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences

Counteracting domestic violence against elders in the professional practice of a nurse employed in the primary health care system

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><bold>Introduction.</bold> Ageing of societies is a process apparent in nearly all countries worldwide. Many families will not be able to provide care services for the elderly, the burden of care will fall mainly on public and private institutions. This puts employees of nursing homes in front of numerous challenges in order to provide seniors with improvement of their life satisfaction.<bold>Aim.</bold> The purpose of the study was to assess the life satisfaction of elderly nursing home residents in the Mazovian region and to demonstrate variables that affect it.<bold>Material and methods.</bold>. The research was carried out in 2018 among the 250 elderly nursing home residents from Mazovia. During the test, a diagnostic survey method and a questionnaire technique were used. The research tool was the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Katz’s Activities of Daily Living Scale, Hodgkinson’s Abbreviated Mental Test Score, Basic Hope Inventory (BHI-12), Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), and the authors’ survey questionnaire.<bold>Results.</bold> Among the respondents, the dominant group included people with low life satisfaction (42.8%). A statistically significant relationship was found between life satisfaction and the age of the respondents and selected psychometric scales. There was no such correlation for the level of mobility, duration of stay at the nursing home and the size of the inhabited facility.<bold>Conclusions.</bold> Elderly people living in nursing homes from Mazovia enjoy life satisfaction at a low and average level. The results distinguish three groups of residents exhibiting a lower satisfaction with life, namely, new arrivals, the oldest, and suffering from a minimum of one illness. Nursing home personnel who deal with patients on an everyday basis should aim to improve their life satisfaction.</abstract>

Satisfaction with the lives of elderly nursing homes residents

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This paper examines an increasingly used methodology developed by Pawson and Tilley [1] that they termed, ‘Realistic Evaluation’. The paper provides an overview of methodology as well as exploring its underpinning philosophy, that of critical realism. The paper suggests that Realistic Evaluation provides a useful means of exploring the health and social sciences through the use of mixed methods and concludes with how a researcher might go about constructing a Realist Evaluation study.</abstract>

Realistic Evaluation as both a science and as a methodology

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><bold>Aim.</bold> Analysis of the impact of educational simulation on the level of knowledge, skills and competences of nursing students.<bold>Methods.</bold> The research used a non-systematic literature analysis method. Literature was classified for analysis, from which the contents on the impact of educational simulation on the education process of nursing students were selected. During the qualification of the magazines Google Scholar was used. Articles published in electronic databases were used: EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect.<bold>Conclusions.</bold> Education conducted using educational simulation in nursing not only increases the level of knowledge, skills and competences of students but also increases the quality of patient care and their security.</abstract>

University of Economics and Innovation in Lublin

Chair and Department of Medical Education

Medical simulation – innovation in nursing education

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><bold>Introduction.</bold> Sarcoidosis is a rare, multi-organ disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the formation of granulomas mainly in the respiratory system.<bold>Aim.</bold> The aim of the study is to present a plan of care for patients with sarcoidosis, including International Classification for Nursing Practice – ICNP® terminology.<bold>Material and methods.</bold> The study was conducted in April 2019 at the Internal Disease Unit of the 7th Polish Navy Hospital in Gdansk, and included a 54-year-old patient hospitalized for sarcoidosis. The research employed the case study method and the technique of the interview, observation, analysis of medical records and measurements. The C-HOBIC data set was used to assess the patient’s condition.<bold>Results and conclusions.</bold> The reasons for the patient’s admission to the hospital were a continued raised temperature, erythema, as well as joint pain. The assessment and analysis of a patient’s status allowed us to formulate seven nursing diagnoses characteristic for sarcoidosis, which included: arthritis pain, functional dyspnoea, fever, impaired active range of motion, fatigue, risk for medication side effect and lack of knowledge of disease and 2 diagnoses resulting from the lifestyle of the patient: tobacco abuse and overweight. The process of nursing care planning included interventions fundamental for the above-mentioned diagnoses. They concerned the monitoring of symptoms and health indices, the patient’s knowledge, as well as the role of the nurse in the therapeutic process. The ICNP dictionary includes a sufficient range of terms, which allows the creation of a satisfactory nursing care plan for a patient with sarcoidosis.</abstract>

Nursing care of a patient with sarcoidosis. Case study using ICNP®

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Pielegniarstwo  XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century

Journal of Nursing in the 21st Century is an international, peer reviewed, scientific journal published continuously since 2002. The Journal aim is to promote the development and exchange of knowledge that is relevant to all spheres of nursing, midwifery and other health care sciences. The editors of the journal welcome original articles, theoretical papers, case analysis as well as reviews and discussions/opinions of scientific events important for the nursing theory, education and practice.   In line with the recommendations of Index Copernicus, the journal reviews manuscripts formatted according to the ‘Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication’ (Updated in February 2006) by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.  "Nursing in the 21st Century" is issued quarterly. Abstracts are available on-line on the publisher’s website　www.piel21w.umlub.pl, with the Creative Commons License (CC BY 4.0 license) from VOL 2022.  According to the list of scientific journals prepared by the Ministry of Science and Education from 17th July 2023, Nursing in the 21st Century obtained 40 points. The journal is indexed in the prestigious databases ERIH PLUS, SCOPUS, Web of Science - Emerging Sources Citaiton Index. In Index Copernicus, Index Copernicus Value (ICV) for the year 2021 is equal to 120.54 points.  Journal of Nursing in the 21st Century journal is indexed in Google Scholar and details on the citations can be found on Google Scholar Citations.  Rejection Rate:   43%   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century