Abstract
The prevalent geopolitical prognosis during Brundtland’s Commission conceptualisation of sustainable development has metamorphosed, even though the basic core values serve as the conceptual basis and guidelines for understanding the SDG goals. Evolving socio-political behaviours have exposed new social complications. Ideological extremism, global warming, insurgency, poverty, food crisis, social inequality and humanitarian crisis have all challenged the suitability and applicability of the conceptual framework for global development. This paper attempts to analyse qualitatively, the underexplored areas of the concept of sustainable development, vis-à-vis its strengths, weakness and limitations by synthesizing an ideal working definition with regards to existing realities, for developmental theorist. It also reviews how environmentalism and human intelligence can symbiotically drive sustainability of biotic and abiotic factors in the planetary system, by advocating an enfranchising bottom-up, frontier-wide and exhaustively deliberated methodologies that amplifies the voice of all social formations in conceptualising new transformational theories or policies for human development.
REFERENCES
1. World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) (1987) Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2. United Nations Environmental Programme (1992) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (Online) http://www.unep.org/Document.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentid=78?&articleid=1163 (Accessed June 10 2017)
3. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, United Environmental Programme and World Wide Fund for Nature; Caring for the Earth: a strategy for sustainable living, 1991 (Online) Accessed on June 10 2017
4. Stockholm Statement. Towards a Consensus on the Principles of Policy-Making for a Contemporary World, Stockholm, September 16-17, 2016
5. Food, Agriculture Organisation of the (FAO), State of Food Security in the World, Rome, 2015
6. Report by Jean-Marie Guehenno, Conflicts to Watch in 2016, January 3, 2016 10. (Online version) www.foreignpolicy.com, Accessed July 14 2017
7. Bagliani M., Dansero E., Puttilli M., Territory and Energy Sustainability: The Challenge of Renewable Energy Sources, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 53:457-472, 2010
8. Sneddon C.S., Sustainability in Ecological Economics, Ecology and Livelihoods: A review. Progress in Human Geography, 24(4) 521-549, 2000
9. Taylor J., Empowerment in an Unsustainable Planet: From Seeds of Human Energy to a Scale of Global Change, New York, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-984296-4, 2012
10. Gladwin T.N., Kennelly J.J., Krause T., Shifting Paradigms for Sustainable Development: Implications for Management Theory and Research, Academy of Management Review Vol. 20 No 4 874-907, 1995
11. Eblen, R. and Eblen R, The Encyclopaedia of the Environment. New York Houghhton Mifflin Company 423-433, 1994
12. Hawkes J., The Fourth Pillar of Sustainability: Culture’s Essential Role in Public Planning, Melbourne Cultural Development Network, 2001
13. Barbier E., and Markandya A., The Conditions for Achieving Environmentally Sustainable Development: Europe Economic Review 34, 1990
14. Pezzey J., Sustainability: An Interdisciplinary Guide” Environmental Values 1, No 4 321-362, 1992
15. UN World Summit on Sustainable Development, UN Documents A/CONF.199/20, September 2002
16. Bharat H. Desai, UNEP: A Global Environmental Authority, Environmental Policy and Law 36/3-4, IOS Press, 2006
17. The Harvard Project on Climate Agreements “Institutions for International Climate Governance” Policy Brief 2010-1, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Project on Climate Agreements, November 2010.
18. Mudacumura G. Mabratu D., Haque S., Sustainable Development Policies and Administration, USA CPC Press, ISBN1-57444-563-4, Page 422, 2006
19. Vitousek P.M., Ehrlich P.R., Human Appropriation of the Products of Photosynthesis BioScience 36 385-373, 1986
20. Basole A., Paul Romer’s Charter Cities: Bold Vision or Neo-Colonial Nightmare? The Dialogue, August 2, 2016
21. Environmental “Nobel Prize” (Honours Grassroots Heroes (Online) SCAN, Sierra Club Activist News Vol.1 No. 3 Page 6, 1991 Accessed online, May 2017
22. Basiago A.D., Economic, Social and Environmental Sustainability in Development Theory and Urban Planning Practice, Boston: The Environmentalist, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991
23. Global Humanitarian Assistance Report (2016) Development Initiative, 2016 (Online Report Accessed 12 September 2017) www.reliefweb.int
24. United Nations, Trends in International Migrant Stock: Migrant by Destination and origin. UN Data, POP/DB/MIG/Stock/Rev 2015
25. Sisay Asefa, The Concept of Sustainable Development: An Introduction. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo MI, 2005
26. United National Environmental Programme (UNEP) Assessment of Ogoniland, ISBN 978-92-807-3130-9, Nairobi, Kenya 2011
27. Whitakker R. H., and Margulis L., 1978; Protist Classification and the Kingdoms, Biosystems, Volume 10, Issue 1-2, Pages 3-18, 1978
28. Gary D.E., Doing Research in a Real World Third Edition, Sage,
29. Jean Baptise Lamarck 1801Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics Theory
30. Waddington C. “The Human Evolutionary System” in M. Banton Ed., Darwinsim and the Study of Society, London, Tavistock, 1991
31. Simons, G. and Fennig, C., Enthologue: Languages of the World, Twentieth Edition, Dallas, Texas, 2017Sil International Online version: www.enthologue.com (Accessed 22, 2017)
32. World Development Report 2010, Development and Climate Change, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank.
33. Huntington S. P., The Clash of Civilisation Simon and Schaster, 1996
34. Rawls J., The Theory of Justice (Revised Edition), United States, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-00078-1, 1999
35. UN Human Right: Realising the Rights of Development; HR/PUB/12/4, UN Publication, 2013
36. Ibhawoh, B., The Right to Development: The Politics and Polemics of Power and Resistance, Human Right Quarterly, Vol 33, 76-104, John Hopkins University Press, 2011
37. Picciotto R., Peace, Conflict and Development in Africa, Switzerland, University of Peace ISBN 978-9977-925-58-5 Page 51, 2011
38. Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom, New York, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-289330-0, Page 288, 1999
39. World Bank, Understanding Poverty, New York, October 02, 2016 www.worldbank.org
40. A Blueprint for Survival, Editors of the Ecologist, 1972
41. Boyle A., Human Right Approaches to Environmental Protection: Unnecessary, Undesirable and Unethical? Remarks delivered at the Research Centre for International Law, University of Cambridge, Feb 17. 1995
42. Feike Sijbesma, Our Minds are wired to fear only short-term threats. We need to escape this trap. World Economic Forum Global Agenda www.weforum.org, June 2016
43. Martinez-Alier, J., The Environmentalism of the Poor (Unpublished), Johannesburg, University of Witwatersrand (World Summit on Sustainable Development), UNRISD August 30, 2002 (Online) Accessed on 30 June 2017
44. Report on April 1, 2016 Boko Haram Insurgency Cost North East East $9 billion Online version: www.vanguardonline.com/2016/04/626605, Lagos Nigeria April 1, 2016 (Accessed April 10, 2017)
45. Report by Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development 2010 More Violence, Less Development: Examining the relationship between armed violence and MDG Achievement
46. Susan Rice, The National Security Implications of Global Poverty; Speech presented at the University of Michigan Law School, Michigan, 2006
47. Towards the ends of Poverty, The Economist Magazine June 1, 2013
48. Taylor J., Empowerment in an Unsustainable Planet: From Seeds of Human Energy to a Scale of Global Change, New York, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-984296-4, 2012
49. UNDP (1990), “Human Development Report” New York, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-506481
50. Trevor Noble, Social Theory and Social Change, Palgrave, New York, USA, 2000
51. Holdgate, M. (1996) From Care to Action: Making A Sustainable World, Earthscan, London
52. UNOCHA, About the Crisis, Nigeria 2017
53. United Nation Social and Economic Council, Synthesis of Voluntary National Reviews, Division of Sustainable Development, 2016
54. World Bank Group Report, Impacts of Conflicts, 2007
55. World Wealth Report Capgemini Wealth Management, 2016 Online Version: www.worldwealthreport.com
