Diagnostics and Treatment of Cervical Causes of Infertility

Nowadays, infertility is a problem that affects an increasing number of people. The causes of infertility in a couple may be due to a variety of factors – female, male or unexplained. One of the common problems associated with infertility in women is related to uterine cervical diseases. The cervix is an essential part of the sperm passage, so various disorders in the cervix structure and function may be the cause of infertility. The study aimed to identify the leading cervical causes of female infertility, methods of treatment and their success. The most common problems of cervical origin are cervical polyps and stenosis of the cervical canal. They are easily diagnosed with a routine gynaecological examination and ultrasound examination. Polyps are removed through polypectomy, and after that, a natural pregnancy can be achieved. In the case of stenosis of the cervical canal, there are two treatment options – dilation or intrauterine insemination (IUI). In younger patients and lack of male factor in the couple, dilation is performed. Dilation is mechanical with classic Hegar dilatiors or with synthetic hygroscopic dilatiors (Dilapan). If, in addition to the stenosis of the cervical canal in a woman, there is a male factor, treatment with IUI is preferred. Methods for cervical factor treatment vary in their success rate but are generally characterised by good results.