Polymialgia Rheumatica, Giant Cell Arteritis or Both?

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), or temporal arteritis, is the most common systemic vasculitis, and the greatest risk factor for developing GCA is aging. The disease almost never occurs before age 50, and its incidence rises steadily thereafter, peaking between ages 70 to 79, the risk of development being two times higher in women.

Polymialgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory rheumatic condition characterized clinically by aching and morning stiffness at the shoulders, hip girdle, and neck. PMR is almost exclusively a disease of adults over the age of 50, with a prevalence that increases progressively with advancing age. The peak incidence of PMR occurs between ages 70 and 80, the same as in the case ofGCA. PMRis 2-3 times more common in women than in men.

PMR is two to three times more common than GCA and occurs in about 50% of patients with GCA. The percentage of patients with PMR who experience GCA at some point varies widely in reported series ranging from 5 to 30 percent. PMR can precede, accompany or follow GCA. The diagnostic in the case of PMR is made first of all on clinical features, in the patients in whom another disease to explain the findings is not present. For GCA we must follow the diagnostic algorithm presented below (figure 1) and keep in mind that a negative result for temporal artery biopsy does not exclude the diagnostic if clinical suspicion of GCA is high

We present the case of a 81 year-old male with signs and symptoms from both conditions, PMR and GCA.