<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The paper presents a numerical simulation of the development of a catastrophic landslide in a sandstone quarry and methods of reconstructing the quarry to its previous condition from before the landslide. The important objective of the paper is to present the capabilities of the numerical method used in the analysis of the landslide process, namely the Distinct Element Method (DEM). This method is poorly known, though it is capable of solving important geotechnical problems in which massive displacements are modelled. The features of the method are presented on the basis of a case study. Therefore a numerical analysis is carried out to show the performance of DEM in generating a displacement of several dozen meters in the example of a catastrophic landslide that occurred some years ago in a sandstone quarry. This engineering problem makes it possible to describe and analyse the mechanisms, causes and consequences of the landslide.</abstract>

Distinct Element Simulation of a Landslide Process

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This paper reports results from 1g model tests carried out under single gravity on a skirted foundation installed in sand and subjected to a rapid uplifting force. The effects of displacement rates ranging from 5 mm/s to 450 mm/s on the ultimate capacity, suction pressure inside the skirt compartment, and time of extraction were investigated. Test results indicate that the displacement rate significantly affected the magnitude of uplift resistance, as well as the magnitude of suction under the foundation lid, but had little effect on the relationship between stress and the displacement of the foundation. The shapes of the uplift capacity-displacement curve and the suction-displacement curve were similar for all experimental displacement rates.</abstract>

Experimental Investigation of Skirted Foundation in Sand Subjected to Rapid Uplift

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The quadric-surfaced sludge digester (QSD), also known as the egg-shaped sludge digester, has proven its advantages over traditional cylindrical digesters recently. A reduction in operational cost is the dominant factor. Its shell can be described as a revolution of a parabola with the apex and base being either tapered or spherical. This shape provides a surface free of discontinuities, which is advantageous regarding the efficiency during mixing. Since the shape does not produce areas of inactive fluid motion within the tank, sludge settlement and an eventual grit build-up are avoided. The stresses developed in the shell of the sludge digester, vary along the meridian and equatorial diameters. A non-dimensional parameter, <italic>ξ</italic>, defines the height-to-diameter aspect ratio which is used to delineate the parametric boundary conditions of the shell’s surface. Three groups of analyses were conducted to determine the orthogonal stresses in the shell of the QSD. The first-principles numerical models ran reasonably quickly, and many simulations were made during the study. The results showed that they were in within the range 5.34% to 7.2% to 2D FEA results. The 3D FEA simulation results were within the range of 8.3% to 9.2% to those from the MATLAB time-history models. This is a good indicator that the first principles numerical models are an excellent time-saving method to predict the behaviour of the QSD under seismic excitation. Upon examining the criteria for the design, analysing the results for the 2D FEA simulations showed that the fill height is not a significant variable with sloshing however the 3D FEA showed that the hydrostatic pressure is a significant variable. With the maximum tensile stress of the 3D-printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)-a common thermoplastic polymer typically used for injection molding applications, being 24.4 MPa, the overall maximum stress of 5.45 MPa, the material can be a viable option for the use of QSD construction in small island developing states (SIDS).</abstract>

University of the West of England, Civil and Environmental Engineering Cluster

Modelling of Quadratic-Surface Sludge Digesters by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) – Finite Element (FE) Methods

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Since accurate estimation of the flow kinetic energy (<italic>α</italic>) and momentum (<italic>β</italic>) is not easily possible in compound channels, determining their accurate correction coefficients is an important task. This paper has used the “flood channel facility (FCF)” data and the “conveyance estimate system (CES)” model (which is 1D, but considers a term related to the secondary flow) to study how the floodplain width and the main channel wall slope and asymmetry affect the values of <italic>α</italic> and <italic>β</italic>. Results have shown that their maximum values at the highest floodplain width are, respectively, 1.36 and 1.13 times of those at the lowest case; an increase in the slope increased their maximum values by 1.05 and 1.01 times, respectively. The mean of error values showed that the CES model estimated the values <italic>α</italic> and <italic>β</italic> more accurately than the flow discharge. The maximum differences between the estimated and experimental values were 12.14% for <italic>α</italic> and 4.3% for <italic>β</italic>; for the flow discharge, it was 24.4%.</abstract>

Compound Channel’s Cross-section Shape Effects on the Kinetic Energy and Momentum Correction Coefficients

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Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

 Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics (formerly Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Archiwum Hydrotechniki) cover the broad range of research disciplines related to hydro-engineering, including: hydrodynamics and hydraulics of inlands and sea waters, hydrology, hydroelasticity, ground-water hydraulics, water contamination, coastal engineering, geotechnical engineering, geomechanics and structural mechanics.  The main objective of Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics is to provide an up-to-date reference for civil engineers and scientists involved in the applications of mechanics to the analysis of various phenomena encountered in the natural environment, those occurring due to human activities, as well as to the problems arising from the influence of the environment on man-made structures and objects. Theoretical, experimental and practice-oriented papers on various topics, such as those mentioned above, are welcomed. Review papers are also invited. Occasionally, special issues containing papers presented at international conferences and other scientific meetings may be published.  All papers (in regular and special issues) are selected for publication through a peer review process, based on their significance and research originality.  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 