[1. Leung CC, Yu IT, Chen W. Silicosis. Lancet 2012;379:2008-18. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60235-910.1016/S0140-6736(12)60235-9]Search in Google Scholar
[2. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Silica, Some Silicates, Coal Dust and Para-aramid Fibrils. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Vol 68: Lyon: IARC; 1997.]Search in Google Scholar
[3. National Toxicity Program (NTP). Report on Carcinogens. 11th ed. Research Triangle Park (NC):NTP; 2005.]Search in Google Scholar
[4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Health Effects of Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica. Cincinnati (OH): NIOSH; 2002.]Search in Google Scholar
[5. Akgun M, Araz O, Akkurt I, Eroglu A, Alper F, Saglam L, Mirici A, Gorguner M, Nemery B. An epidemic of silicosis among former denim sandblasters. Eur Respir J 2008;32:1295-303. doi: 10.1183/09031936.0009350710.1183/09031936.0009350718579544]Search in Google Scholar
[6. Akgun M, Mirici A, Ucar EY, Kantarci M, Araz O, Gorguner M. Silicosis in Turkish denim sandblasters. Occup Med (London) 2006;56:554-8. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kql09410.1093/occmed/kql09417021274]Search in Google Scholar
[7. Bakan ND, Ozkan G, Camsari G, Gur A, Bayram M, Acikmeşe B, Cetinkaya E. Silicosis in denim sandblasters. Chest 2011;140:1300-4. doi: 10.1378/chest.10-185610.1378/chest.10-185621546437]Search in Google Scholar
[8. De Vuyst P, Camus P. The past and present of pneumoconioses. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2000;6:151-6. PMID: 1074177610.1097/00063198-200003000-0001210741776]Search in Google Scholar
[9. Greenberg MI, Waksman J, Curtis J. Silicosis: a review. Dis M o n 2 0 0 7 ; 5 3 : 3 9 4 - 4 1 6 . d o i : 1 0 . 1 0 1 6 / j . disamonth.2007.09.020]Search in Google Scholar
[10. Sirajuddin A, Kanne JP. Occupational lung disease. J Thorac I m a g i n g 2 0 0 9 ; 2 4 : 3 1 0 - 2 0 . d o i : 1 0 . 1 0 9 7 / RTI.0b013e3181c1a9b3]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Castranova V, Vallyathan V. Silicosis and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis. Environ Health Perspect 2000;108(Suppl 4):675-84. PMID: 1093178610.1289/ehp.00108s4675163768410931786]Search in Google Scholar
[12. Vanhee D, Gosset P, Boitelle A, Wallaert B, Tonnel AB. Cytokines and cytokine network in silicosis and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis. Eur Respir J 1995;8:834-42. doi: 10.1183 /09031936.95.0805083410.1183/09031936.95.08050834]Search in Google Scholar
[13. Huaux F. New developments in the understanding of immunology in silicosis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;7:168-73. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32802bf8a510.1097/ACI.0b013e32802bf8a517351471]Search in Google Scholar
[14. Otsuki T, Maeda M, Murakami S, Hayashi H, Miura Y, Kusaka M, Nakano T, Fukuoka K, Kishimoto T, Hyodoh F, Ueki A, Nishimura Y. Immunological effects of silica and asbestos. Cell Mol Immunol 2007;4:261-8. PMID: 17764616]Search in Google Scholar
[15. Li W, Kumar RK, O’Grady R, Velan GM. Role of lymphocytes in silicosis: regulation of secretion of macrophage-derived mitogenic activity for fibroblasts. Int J Exp Pathol 1992;73:793-800. PMID: 1337266]Search in Google Scholar
[16. Murr C, Widner B, Wirleitner B, Fuchs D. Neopterin as a marker for immune system activation. Curr Drug Metab 2002;3:175-87. PMID:1200334910.2174/138920002460508212003349]Search in Google Scholar
[17. Chen Y, Guillemin GJ. Kynurenine pathway metabolites in humans: disease and healthy States. Int J Tryptophan Res 2009;2:1-19. PMID: 2208457810.4137/IJTR.S2097]Search in Google Scholar
[18. King NJ, Thomas SR. Molecules in focus: indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007;39:2167-72. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.01.00410.1016/j.biocel.2007.01.00417320464]Search in Google Scholar
[19. Munn DH, Mellor AL. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tumor-induced tolerance. J Clin Invest 2007;117:1147-54. doi: 10.1172/JCI3117810.1172/JCI31178]Search in Google Scholar
[20. International Labour Office (ILO). Guidelines for the use of the ILO International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses. Revised Edition. ILO occupational safety and health series. No. 22. Geneva: ILO; 2011.]Search in Google Scholar
[21. Widner B, Werner ER, Schennach H, Wachter H, Fuchs D. Simultaneous measurement of serum tryptophan and kynurenine by HPLC. Clin Chem 1997;43:2424-6. PMID: 943946710.1093/clinchem/43.12.2424]Search in Google Scholar
[22. Girgin G, Sahin TT, Fuchs D, Yuksel O, Kurukahvecioglu O, Sare M, Baydar T. Tryptophan degradation and serum neopterin concentrations in intensive care unit patients. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011;21:231-5. doi: 10.3109/15376 516.2010.545960]Search in Google Scholar
[23. Laich A, Neurauter G, Widner B, Fuchs D. More rapid method for simultaneous measurement of tryptophan and kynurenine by HPLC. Clin Chem 2002;48:579-81. PMID: 1186145710.1093/clinchem/48.3.579]Search in Google Scholar
[24. Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 1984;105:121-6. PMID: 672766010.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3]Search in Google Scholar
[25. Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of superoxide anion radical in the autooxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 1974;47:469-74. PMID: 421565410.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x]Search in Google Scholar
[26. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265-75. PMID: 1490771310.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6]Search in Google Scholar
[27. Sevinc C, Cimrin AH, Manisali M, Yalcin E, Alkan Y. Sandblasting under uncontrolled and primitive conditions in Turkey. J Occup Health 2003;45:66-9. PMID: 1460543210.1539/joh.45.66]Search in Google Scholar
[28. Prakova G, Gidikova P, Slavov E, Sandeva G, Stanilova S. Serum neopterin in workers exposed to inorganic dust containing free crystalline silicon dioxide. Cent Eur J Med 2009;4:104-9. doi: 10.2478/s11536-008-0084-010.2478/s11536-008-0084-0]Search in Google Scholar
[29. Saito M, Chihara J, Mouri T, Kurachi D, Yamamoto T, Nakajima S. Elevated local production of neopterin from alveolar macrophages in patients with internal lung diseases. Gen Pharmacol 1996;27:483-6. PMID: 872353110.1016/0306-3623(95)02073-X]Search in Google Scholar
[30. Altindag ZZ, Baydar T, Isimer A, Sahin G. Neopterin as a new biomarker for the evaluation of occupational exposure to silica. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2003;76:318-22.10.1007/s00420-003-0434-912768284]Search in Google Scholar
[31. Werner-Felmayer G, Werner ER, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H. Characteristics of interferon induced tryptophan metabolism in human cells in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta 1989;1012:140-7. PMID: 250097610.1016/0167-4889(89)90087-6]Search in Google Scholar
[32. Sarac ES, Girgin G, Palabiyik SS, Charehsaz M, Aydin A, Sahin G, Baydar T. A pilot study on neopterin levels and tryptophan degradation in zinc-exposed galvanization workers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013;151:330-4. doi: 10.1007/ s12011-012-9569-4.10.1007/s12011-012-9569-423238612]Search in Google Scholar
[33. Baydar M, Capan Z, Girgin G, Palabiyik SS, Sahin G, Fuchs D. Evaluation of tetrahydrobiopterin pathway in operating room workers: Changes in biopterin status and tryptophan metabolism. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2012;89:1125-8. doi: 10.1007/s00128-012-0845-y10.1007/s00128-012-0845-y23052583]Search in Google Scholar
[34. Wallaert B, Lassalle P, Fortin F, Aerts C, Bart F, Fournier E, Voisin C. Superoxide anion generation by alveolar inflammatory cells in simple pneumoconiosis and in progressive massive fibrosis of nonsmoking coal-workers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:129-33. PMID: 215335210.1164/ajrccm/141.1.1292153352]Search in Google Scholar
[35. Rahman I, Biswas SK, Kode A. Oxidant and antioxidant balance in the airways and airway diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2006;533:222-39. PMID: 1650064210.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.08716500642]Search in Google Scholar
[36. Raymond LW, Wintermeyer S. Medical surveillance of workers exposed to crystalline silica. J Occup Environ Med 2006;48:95-101. PMID: 1640421610.1097/01.jom.0000188277.15721.2216404216]Search in Google Scholar
[37. Schennach H, Murr C, Gachter E, Mayersbach P, Schonitzer D, Fuchs D. Association between neopterin production and other parameters in a population of blood donor. Pteridines 2002;13:133-39.10.1515/pteridines.2002.13.4.133]Search in Google Scholar
[38. Pertovaara M, Heliovaara M, Raitala A, Oja SS, Knekt P, Hurme M. The activity of the immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is decreased in smokers. Clin Exp Immunol 2006;145:469-73. PMID: 16907915 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03166.x180970016907915]Search in Google Scholar