The Bioindicative Role of Enzyme Polymorphism of Seven Enzyme Systems as Reaction on High Cadmium Ions Concentration in Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Effect of different concentrations of cadmium ions (0, 15, 60, 240 and 960 μmol dm^-3 in full Hoagland solutions) on enzyme polymorphism of seven enzymes - acid phosphatase (ACP), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and their fifteen polymorphic loci - in coleoptiles, leaf blades and in the central parts of primary root systems of 14 days old seedlings in two self-pollinated maize lines and their single-cross was studied. Analyses of enzyme polymorphism showed that the biological material was homogeneous, self-pollinated lines had homozygous constitution in each analysed locus and hybrid had three loci (Acp1: 2/4, Idh2: 4/6 and Pgd1: 2/3.8) with heterozygous constitution. Ions of cadmium negatively influenced seedling growth and development, high cadmium concentration (960 μmol dm^-3) was toxic and stopped further growth and development of maize seedlings after five days of cultivation. Enzyme fingerprint analysis of these fifteen polymorphic loci from selected enzymes supported their genotypic, organ and ontogenetic stability under high doses of cadmium ions. According to our results this group of enzymes in these polymorphic loci did not express changes in polymorphism after treatment with cadmium ions and thus cannot play the bioindicative role in this respect.