In both sexes together, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (11.6% of the total cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (18.4% of the total cancer deaths), closely followed by female breast cancer (11.6%), prostate cancer (7.1%), and colorectal cancer (6.1%) for incidence; and colorectal cancer (9.2%), stomach cancer (8.2%), and liver cancer (8.2%) for mortality [1].
Gastric cancer incidence rates have been on the decline in most regions of the world but there are still significant geographic, ethnic, and socioeconomic differences in distribution [1]. Several risk factors are thought to be responsible for gastric cancer including salt and smoked food, cigarette smoking, low socioeconomic status, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, use of antioxidants among others [1].
Although several risk factors are described,
Along with
In the stomach, chronic inflammation causes metaplasia and creates a favorable environment for the evolution of gastric cancer. Several previous studies have attempted to elucidate the association of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–308 (TNF-α–308) G/A promoter polymorphism causing inflammation and eventual development of gastric cancer [7]. The paper by Xin Jiang et al. [8] of this issue attempted to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis through extensive literature search of case control studies. They performed a decent meta-analysis of results to look for the possible association of gene pleomorphism and gastric cancer. The study with pooling of much larger sample did not show any such association. At this point, the study has given evidence that TNF-α–308 G>A (GG, GA, AA) pleomorphism is unlikely to have a role in early diagnosis and early treatment of gastric inflammation to prevent gastric cancer. Screening for